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ZAMYLA CHAN: Ni mimi, Zamyla.

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Leo katika Mario, tunakwenda kuwa
kuchora nusu piramidi kwa Mario

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kupanda juu.

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>> Hivyo hebu majadiliano juu yetu
kwa-nini kwa ajili ya tatizo hili.

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Sisi ni kwenda kutaka
kuchochea na kuhalalisha

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user kwa ajili ya pembejeo halali wa jinsi
high wanataka Mario ya piramidi kuwa.

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Na kisha, tunakwenda kuteka ni.

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Hivyo hebu kuanza na hivyo kusababisha na
kuthibitisha user kwa mchango wao.

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>> Tunaweza kufanya matumizi ya
CS50 maktaba Kazi

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kupata int kwamba itahakikisha kwamba
mtumiaji pembejeo integer.

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Yoyote integers chanya, hasi
integers, idadi 0 wote ni mchezo wa haki.

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Vinginevyo, user utakuwa ilisababisha
Jaribu tena mpaka wao pembejeo integer halali.

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Sasa ingawa kupata int gani
mengi ya kazi kwa ajili yetu

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katika kuhakikisha kwamba
user inatupa integer,

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bado tunahitaji kuomba baadhi
vikwazo ziada juu ya hilo.

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Baada ya yote, hatuwezi kuwa na Mario kupanda
nusu piramidi ya urefu wa hasi 12.

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>> Mbali na kwamba,
vipimo tatizo

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inasema kwamba tunaweza tu
kuruhusu Mario kupanda

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piramidi ya urefu kati ya 0 na 23.

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OK, hivyo kwamba maana kwamba tunahitaji
kuendelea kuchochea mtumiaji

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kutupa halali
idadi na tu kuendelea

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mara moja wameweza ametupa urefu halali.

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Jinsi gani sisi kufanya hivyo?

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>> Naam, michakato ya kuendelea kutupa
wazo la loops-- kitu kufanya

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repetitively.

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kitanzi moja katika C kama wakati
kitanzi kwamba mapenzi kuendelea

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kutekeleza mwili wa kitanzi kwa muda mrefu kama
hali kutokana na kutathmini kwa kweli.

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Haraka kama hali hiyo
kutathmini kwa uongo,

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mpango ataelekea
chochote huja baada ya hapo.

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Hivyo wakati matanzi ni njia mojawapo ya
kuhakikisha kwamba tunaendelea

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kuchochea mtumiaji kwa ajili ya pembejeo halali.

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Na mara moja wao kutupatia pembejeo halali,
tutaweza kuendelea na chochote huja ijayo.

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Tunajua kwamba sisi ni kwenda kuuliza
user kwa ajili ya pembejeo angalau mara moja.

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Hivyo sasa sisi kuja dada wa
wakati kitanzi, ambayo ni kufanya wakati kitanzi.

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>> Je, wakati tanzi nitafanya
mwili wa kitanzi angalau mara moja.

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Hivyo bila kuangalia hali,
nitafanya mwili wa kitanzi.

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Na kisha kuangalia hali ya kuona
iwapo inahitaji kurudia yenyewe.

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Hii inakuja katika Handy wakati
tuko kuthibitisha user pembejeo.

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Tunajua kwamba tunakwenda
kuwauliza angalau mara moja.

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Hivyo kufanya wakati kitanzi nguvu
kuangalia kitu kama hii.

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Tuna integer n.

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Na ndani ya kufanya
kitanzi wakati, sisi mara moja

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kuchochea mtumiaji kwa integer.

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Kama n ni batili, basi tutaweza kuwachochea
tena na tena na tena mpaka wao

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kutupa kwamba integer halali.

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Hatimaye, mara moja n ni pembejeo halali, tutaweza
kuendelea na mapumziko ya programu yetu.

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>> Basi hebu kwenda nyuma ya spec na kuangalia
nini hali kwa ajili ya pembejeo halali

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ni kwenda kuwa.

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urefu halali ni kwenda
kuwa kati ya 0 na 23, umoja.

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urefu hivyo batili ni kwenda
kuwa chini ya 0 au zaidi ya 23.

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Basi kumbuka kubuni
hali yako kwa makini,

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wakijua kwamba hali
kwa kufanya wakati kitanzi

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lazima wakati n ni batili.

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Sasa hii si kwenda kuwa
rahisi single kujieleza Boolean.

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Tunakwenda una kuchanganya
Maneno mawili tofauti

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kufanya hali yetu nzima.

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>> Basi hebu tu kuangalia meza ukweli nimekuwa
tayari kupewa wewe ladha kwamba tuko

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kwenda kushughulika na Booleans mbili.

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Hivyo hapa ni meza ukweli ambapo mimi
kuwa na mbili Booleans-- Boolean 1 na 2.

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Hivyo tuna fursa ya kutathmini
bool1 na bool2 au bool1 au bool2.

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Na itakuwa tu kuwa ni kweli kama wote wawili
Booleans kutathmini kwa kweli, ambapo wote

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au itakuwa kweli kwa muda mrefu kama moja ya
mbili Booleans kutathmini kwa kweli.

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OK, hivyo kuchukua muda, pause hii
video na kufungua hii meza ukweli.

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Nitakuwa haki hapa kusubiri.

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Wakati wewe kuja nyuma, angalia
kama unaweza kipande pamoja

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kujieleza Boolean kwa yako
hali ya n kuwa pembejeo batili.

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>> Hivyo sasa kwamba tuna
halali user pembejeo, hebu

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kwenda mbele na majadiliano kuhusu jinsi sisi
ili kuteka nusu piramidi.

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Hapa katika kifungu hiki mhariri rahisi,
Nimekuwa inayotolewa kushoto na kompyuta piramidi.

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Lakini tunajua kwamba tunahitaji yetu
piramidi kuwa haki na kompyuta.

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Hivyo jinsi gani mimi kufanya hili?

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Naam, mimi ili kujaribu kushinikiza
kila kitu kwa upande

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na tu kuweka kidogo
tabia katika kati.

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Na kisha, kwa ajili ya pili
line, mimi nina kwenda kuweka

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baadhi wahusika zaidi ya kuiondoa pamoja,
na further-- kadhalika na kadhalika sana aliye mzaa

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mpaka nina haki na kompyuta piramidi.

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Hivyo sisi kufanya kuwa na haki align piramidi, lakini
haina kuangalia kubwa sana na dots.

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Lakini sisi bado wanataka
kudumisha kwamba nafasi nzuri.

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Hivyo nina kwenda kwa literally
kuingiza baadhi ya maeneo.

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>> Badala ya dots tatu, mimi itabidi
kuweka moja, mbili, tatu nafasi.

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On line pili.

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Mimi itabidi kuweka nafasi moja, mbili.

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Na juu ya penultimate
line, nafasi moja tu.

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Na hapa nina haki na kompyuta piramidi.

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Kutokana na kufanya mfano katika maandishi
mhariri, tuna wazo kwa mfano

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kwamba tutaweza kutumia kuteka nusu piramidi.

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Kwa kila mstari, tulichokifanya
ni sisi aina baadhi ya maeneo,

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na kisha typed baadhi
hashes, na kisha typed

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Enter muhimu, ambayo
ni kujenga line mpya.

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Hivyo sasa kwamba tuna kwamba, hebu kwenda
hatua moja zaidi na kupata mfano.

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>> Hivyo mimi nina kwenda kusema, kwa
maslahi ya mfano huu,

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sisi ni kushughulika na urefu wa 8.

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safu ya kwanza ni kwenda na mbili
hashes kwamba ifuatavyo nafasi saba.

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second-- hashes tatu, nafasi sita.

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Tatu row-- nne hashes, tano
spaces-- kadhalika na kadhalika

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mpaka sisi kupata mstari NTH.

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Hivyo basi, ninawaomba kwa mstari NTH,
wangapi hashes ni sisi kwenda na

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na jinsi nafasi nyingi?

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Hivyo ni juu yako na kufikiri
formula kuiwakilisha hashes wangapi

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na jinsi nafasi nyingi zinahitajika kwa ajili ya
NTH mstari wakati una baadhi urefu.

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>> Sasa wakati wewe ni kuhesabia hii nje,
kuwa makini jinsi wewe ni Indexing.

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Nini maana na hii ni kwamba
katika maisha ya kila siku sisi sote

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kuanza kuhesabu, kwa kawaida na 1.

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Lakini katika CS50 na katika sayansi ya kompyuta
kwa ujumla, sisi ni 0 indexed.

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Hivyo safu ya kwanza itakuwa
n ya 0 kinyume na 1.

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Kuwa makini ya hii wakati uko
kujaribu kufikiri muundo yako.

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Hivyo sasa hebu kwenda nyuma ya jinsi
tunakwenda kuteka piramidi yetu.

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Kwa kila mstari, tunakwenda wanataka
magazeti nafasi, magazeti hashes,

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na kisha magazeti mstari mpya.

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ladha hapa ni
neno "maana" kila mstari.

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Katika C, tuna kujenga
kuitwa kwa ajili ya kitanzi,

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ambayo inakuwa na
initialization, hali, update,

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na mwili wa kitanzi.

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>> Sema nilitaka kusema, hello
dunia, mara 50, yangu kwa kitanzi

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bila kuangalia kitu kama hiki.

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Mimi initialize integer yangu kwa 0.

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hali ni kwamba mimi ni chini ya 50.

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Na kisha update yangu ni ya haki
incrementing mimi kwa moja kila wakati.

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Tunaweza pia kutumia kwa ajili ya mizunguko
iterate juu ya mambo.

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Ona hapa jinsi sisi si
ngumu coded posta,

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lakini badala ya kuwekwa kutofautiana
urefu badala katika hali hiyo.

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Hivyo nini mimi kufanya hapa ni mimi nina iterating
juu ya kila mstari wa piramidi.

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Siwezi kufanya kitu kwa kila
mstari ndani ya mwili wa kitanzi yangu.

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>> Tunafanya nini ndani ya
mwili wa kitanzi?

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Naam, kama sisi tayari alisema, sisi ni uchapishaji
nafasi na sisi ni uchapishaji hashes

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na sisi ni uchapishaji mstari mpya.

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Hivyo nje yangu kwa kitanzi
utaangalia kama hii.

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Mimi iterate juu ya kila mstari
ya piramidi, kwa kutumia,

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katika kesi hii, urefu kama kutofautiana
kwamba maduka urefu wa piramidi.

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Ndani ya mwili wa kitanzi kwamba, mimi nina
kwenda magazeti nafasi tena na tena, magazeti

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hashes tena na tena,
na kisha magazeti mstari mpya.

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>> Hivyo sasa, kwa kutumia yote ya dhana kwamba
Nimekuwa kuongelea katika hii kutembea-kwa njia,

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unapaswa kuwa na uwezo wa kuchochea
user kwa ajili ya pembejeo, kuhalalisha kwamba pembejeo,

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na kisha kuteka nusu piramidi.

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>> Jina langu ni Zamyla, na hii ni CS50.

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