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SPIKA 1: Hebu majadiliano juu ya maji.

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Katika tatizo hili, tunaomba user kuwaambia
sisi kwa muda gani katika dakika ya kuoga yao ilikuwa

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na kisha sisi hesabu sawa
idadi ya chupa za maji

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kwamba kuoga yao kutumika.

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>> Kwa hiyo kile ni yetu kwa-do
kwa tatizo hili?

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Kwanza, sisi ni kwenda kutaka
kuchochea na kisha kuhalalisha

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pembejeo kwamba mtumiaji inatupa.

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Mara sisi kuhakikisha kwamba sisi
na user pembejeo halali,

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tunakwenda mahesabu
sawa idadi ya chupa za maji

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kwamba mtumiaji alikuwa wakati wa
kuoga yao, na kisha tuko

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kwenda kuwaambia yao kwa
uchapishaji nje idadi hiyo.

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>> Basi hebu kukabiliana na kwanza wetu
Kazi, na hivyo kusababisha na kuthibitisha

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user pembejeo.

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Kwa hili tumekuwa imeandikwa
kazi kwa ajili ya wewe kuitwa

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get_int iko katika CS50 maktaba.

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get_int kuhakikisha kwamba pembejeo user
integer, hivyo idadi yoyote chanya,

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idadi hasi, au
zero zote ni kukubalika.

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Lakini kama mtumiaji pembejeo kitu kingine chochote,
hivyo macho yoyote ya barua au namba

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au namba decimal, basi
user utakuwa ilisababisha jaribu tena

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na kazi hawatakubali kitu chochote
mpaka user inawapa integer.

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>> Hivyo ni jinsi gani sisi kutumia get_int?

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Kama wewe kufungua workspace yako na
kuunda faili aitwaye integer.c hebu

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aina zifuatazo.

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Hashtag ni pamoja na cs50.h.

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Hii ni muhimu kwa sababu get_int
ni cs50 maktaba kazi,

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hivyo ni lazima hashtag ni pamoja na
tamko lake ili

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kutumia kazi.

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Na kisha katika kuu yangu
kazi mimi nina kwenda tu

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tu piga kazi get_int.

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>> Basi hebu kukimbia hii na kuona jinsi kazi.

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Nimekuwa tayari ulioandaliwa hayo, hivyo hebu
tu kwenda mbele na kuendesha mpango huu,

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./integer.

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Hapa nina haraka na
hapa ndipo mimi pembejeo thamani.

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Sema mimi kuweka katika baadhi tu ya integer,
50, anamwepusha mpango na quits

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na hiyo ni kwamba.

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>> Lakini kusema mimi kukimbia tena na
Mimi pembejeo kitu kingine.

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Labda, hello dunia.

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Hiyo si integer hivyo
mpango zitasababisha me kujaribu tena.

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Hebu jaribu tena na
labda decimal wakati huu.

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0.5, tena, si integer hivyo
Mpango hawatakubali ni

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na kutakuwa na kuniambia kujaribu tena.

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Basi hebu kuwapa idadi nyingine.

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mpango anapokea yake,
quits, na sisi ni kosa.

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>> Hivyo basi, tuna kazi
ambayo inaruhusu sisi na kuhakikisha

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kwamba mtumiaji pembejeo
integer, lakini jinsi gani tunaweza

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kweli kuweka wimbo wa
integer inputted na mtumiaji?

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Naam, kila tutaweza kufanya ni duka
thamani hii katika kutofautiana, kusema n.

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Hivyo kama mimi kutangaza integer n,
na mimi kuweka kwamba thamani ya get_int,

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kisha n kisha kuhifadhi chochote
kuthamini user inputted.

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>> Haki ya wote, hivyo sasa tumekuwa kuhakikisha kwamba
user itatupa integer

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na tunajua jinsi ya kuweka wimbo
ya integer, lakini kumbuka,

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integers ni wote chanya na hasi.

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Hivyo ni kweli haina mantiki
katika mazingira ya tatizo hili

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kwamba mtumiaji inachukua kuoga
ya kusema dakika hasi 12.

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Kwa hiyo, tunahitaji kuhakikisha kwamba mtumiaji
kweli inatupa sifuri.

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Sasa hatuna tu
kazi moja kwa kuwa,

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hivyo tunakwenda kuwa na
kujenga kwamba sisi wenyewe.

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>> Hivyo tunataka daima
kuchochea mtumiaji

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mpaka wao kutupatia sifuri.

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Kama mimi nina kufanya kitu kuendelea basi
hiyo ni sawa na kitanzi, marudio.

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Hivyo moja ya constructs kwamba sisi kutumia
katika c kutekeleza marudio na loops

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ni kitanzi wakati.

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Hivyo kitanzi wakati, kama
inavyoonekana hapa, nitafanya

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vilivyomo katika mwili wa kitanzi kama
muda mrefu kama kutokana na hali kutathmini

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kwa kweli.

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Haraka kama hali hiyo
kutathmini kwa uongo, basi

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mpango wa kuendelea na chochote
inakuja baada ya mwili wa kitanzi.

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>> Hivyo wakati loops ni kwenda
kuwa muhimu kweli kweli katika CS50.

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Lakini katika hili hasa
kesi, tunajua kwamba tuko

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kwenda kuchochea mtumiaji angalau
mara moja na kisha tu kitanzi kama ni lazima.

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Hivyo hapa sisi kuja
maalum kujenga na hiyo ni

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sawa na wakati
kitanzi aitwaye kitanzi do-wakati.

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>> Hivyo kitanzi do-wakati executes
mwili wa kitanzi angalau mara moja

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na kisha ni hundi ya kuona
kama ni lazima kutekeleza,

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kinyume na kitanzi wakati,
ambayo itakuwa kuangalia hali

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na kisha kutekeleza mwili.

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Hivyo katika kitanzi do-wakati gani tupate
kufanya ni kuchochea mtumiaji kwa integer,

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na kisha kuangalia kama ni batili au la.

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Kama ni batili, basi tutaweza
kurudia utaratibu kuuliza mtumiaji

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kutupa integer mwingine, na kisha
tu wakati kwamba integer ni halali,

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tutaweza kuendelea
chochote huja baadaye.

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>> Sasa utasikia taarifa kwamba
tamko la integer n

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ni tofauti kidogo kwa nini sisi
alifanya kabla katika mfano uliopita

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na hii ni kwa sababu ya upeo.

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Kama sisi alikuwa ametangaza integer n ndani ya
mwili wa kitanzi do-wakati,

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kisha sisi bila kuwa na uwezo wa kupata
kwamba thamani ya n nje ya wale curly

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inakabiliwa na kuonyesha mwili wa kitanzi.

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Lakini hatuwezi kwa kweli wanataka kupata
thamani ya n baadaye katika mpango wetu.

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>> OK, hivyo sasa hebu majadiliano juu ya
nini hali hii inapaswa kuwa.

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Tunataka tu reprompt
user kwa muda mrefu kama n ni batili.

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Hivyo kufikiri kwa mwenyewe nini ni batili
integer thamani bila kuangalia kama

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na kisha kuunda Boolean
kujieleza kueleza kwamba.

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>> Sisi ni karibu kumaliza subtask yetu
ya kusababisha na kuthibitisha user pembejeo.

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Basi hebu kufanya hili kidogo
bit user zaidi ya kirafiki

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na kutoa user kidogo
bit habari zaidi

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ya nini sisi ni kusababisha yao kwa.

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Basi hebu kuchochea mtumiaji, per
spec, na dakika kamba.

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Hivyo kwa kutumia kauli yako printf, kufanya
uhakika kwamba mechi hii hasa.

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>> Sawa.

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Hivyo basi, tuna user halali
pembejeo, integer chanya

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thamani kwa muda wa dakika ngapi
walitumia katika oga.

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Hivyo nini ijayo ni mahesabu ya
sawa idadi ya chupa.

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Nini tunakwenda kufanya hapa inaweza
kuwa wazi sana kwa mara ya kwanza,

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na kwamba ni sawa.

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Nini tunataka kufanya ni sisi
wanataka kuanza kufanya mazoezi

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wazo la kuchunguza mwelekeo na
kuendeleza kanuni kwa ajili ya tatizo.

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>> Hivyo sisi ni aliiambia kwa spec
kwamba dakika moja katika oga

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ni sawa na
chupa 12 za maji.

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Hivyo basi dakika mbili ingekuwa
kuwa sawa na 24,

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na dakika tano ingekuwa
kuwa sawa na 60.

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Hivyo sasa kama unadhani
nimepata ni, basi hebu

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kuona kama unaweza kuja
na muundo au formula

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kueleza kama sisi kusema, n
dakika, jinsi wengi chupa za maji

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ingekuwa kwamba kuwa walionyesha katika suala la n?

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>> Tena, hata kama hii
inaweza kuwa rahisi mara ya kwanza,

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baadaye wakati sisi kupata
matatizo ngumu zaidi

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tunakwenda wanataka kupata katika
mazoezi ya kutambua

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chati na kuendeleza kanuni
kufikiri mambo haya nje.

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>> Katika c una upatikanaji wa
kiwango cha hesabu shughuli,

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Aidha, kutoa,
kuzidisha, na mgawanyiko.

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Hivyo mimi itabidi kuondoka kwa
wewe sasa kufikiri

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jinsi ya kueleza
sawa idadi ya chupa

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kwamba mtumiaji zinazotumiwa
wakati wa kuoga yao.

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>> Yote ya haki, sisi ni karibu kufanyika.

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Tumekuwa ilisababisha user kwa mchango wao,
tumekuwa kuhakikisha kwamba ni halali pembejeo,

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na kisha tumekuwa figured nje ya jinsi
kwa mahesabu sawa

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idadi ya chupa kwamba wao zinazotumiwa.

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Hivyo jambo la mwisho kufanya ni pato
sawa idadi ya chupa

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na hopefully kuhamasisha
yao ya kuhifadhi maji.

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>> Outputting thamani itakuwa
kuwa printf taarifa yake.

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Kama nilitaka kukuambia kuwa mimi
kuwa kipenzi tatu, kwa mfano,

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Mimi wanaweza kutumia kauli printf
kwamba inaonekana kitu kama hiki.

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Nina kipenzi tatu, na mpya
line kwa nzuri formatting.

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>> Sasa sisi hawataki
tu kwa bidii kificho mambo.

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Kusema idadi ya yangu
kipenzi mabadiliko baada ya muda.

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Basi mimi nina kwenda kufanya matumizi ya
placeholders katika printf kauli yangu.

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Hivyo hapa namba yangu ni integer.

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Hivyo nina kwenda kufanya placeholder
kwa integer kutumia% i.

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Mimi nina kwenda kuandika kamba,
na kisha baada ya kamba

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Mimi kuandika comma na kisha
kutofautiana kwamba nataka magazeti.

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Hivyo kwamba thamani itakuwa kuchapishwa
badala ya kuwa placeholder,% i.

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>> Unaweza kutumia placeholders, kama
vizuri, kwa ikifungwa na% f.

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Unaweza pia kuwa na nyingi
placeholders katika kamba.

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Kwa mfano, kama mimi kuwa na idadi baadhi
ya mbwa na baadhi ya idadi ya paka,

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Mimi kuweka placeholders mbili hapa na kisha
yangu vigezo mbili ili husika.

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>> Hivyo sasa kwamba sisi kujua jinsi ya magazeti
maadili kuhifadhiwa katika vigezo,

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Jambo la mwisho sana
kufanya ni kuhakikisha kwamba sisi

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magazeti thamani katika format halisi
unahitajika katika vipimo.

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Pamoja na kwamba, tumekuwa ilisababisha
user na kuthibitishwa mchango wao.

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00:08:14,990 --> 00:08:17,920
Tumekuwa kisha mahesabu sawa
idadi ya chupa za maji

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kwamba wao hutumia wakati wa kuoga yao,
na tumekuwa outputted kwamba thamani kwao.

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Na hivyo, tumekuwa maji kukamilika.

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00:08:24,440 --> 00:08:28,730
>> Jina langu ni [? Zamila,?]
na hii ni CS50.

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