1
00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:00,629

2
00:00:00,629 --> 00:00:02,170
DAVID Malan: zote haki, kuwakaribisha nyuma.

3
00:00:02,170 --> 00:00:06,520
Kabla ya kupiga mbizi katika kompyuta wingu,
Nilidhani ningependa pause kwa muda

4
00:00:06,520 --> 00:00:11,740
kama kuna maswali yoyote bora
au mada waliopanda wakati wa chakula cha

5
00:00:11,740 --> 00:00:13,834
ambayo inaweza sasa kuwa ya riba.

6
00:00:13,834 --> 00:00:18,470

7
00:00:18,470 --> 00:00:21,410
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

8
00:00:21,410 --> 00:00:22,090
>> DAVID Malan: Sawa.

9
00:00:22,090 --> 00:00:23,555
Oh, OK.

10
00:00:23,555 --> 00:00:24,430
Watazamaji: [inaudible]

11
00:00:24,430 --> 00:00:29,880

12
00:00:29,880 --> 00:00:31,420
>> DAVID Malan: Hapana, bila shaka.

13
00:00:31,420 --> 00:00:35,180
OK, vizuri hopefully wote wa yako
matatizo yanajitokeza katika saa chache zijazo

14
00:00:35,180 --> 00:00:36,410
na kesho hasa.

15
00:00:36,410 --> 00:00:42,700
Lakini hebu tuangalie, basi, katika ambapo
majadiliano mwisho kuhusu kuanzisha

16
00:00:42,700 --> 00:00:45,730
tovuti inaongoza, kwa ujumla zaidi
linapokuja suala la wingu kompyuta,

17
00:00:45,730 --> 00:00:48,210
kuanzisha server usanifu,
aina ya maamuzi

18
00:00:48,210 --> 00:00:50,800
kwamba wahandisi na
watengenezaji na mameneja

19
00:00:50,800 --> 00:00:53,210
haja ya kufanya linapokuja suala la
kwa kufanya zaidi kuliko tu

20
00:00:53,210 --> 00:00:56,550
kusainiwa kwa ajili ya $ 10 kwa mwezi mtandao jeshi
wakati wewe kweli unataka kujenga nje

21
00:00:56,550 --> 00:00:57,550
miundombinu yako mwenyewe.

22
00:00:57,550 --> 00:01:00,400
Na tutaweza kujaribu kufunga nyuma hii,
Kwa mfano, kwa Dropbox na wengine

23
00:01:00,400 --> 00:01:01,350
kama wao.

24
00:01:01,350 --> 00:01:06,250
>> Basi hebu kuanza kufikiria
matatizo gani kutokea kama biashara

25
00:01:06,250 --> 00:01:09,390
anapata nzuri na matatizo nzuri kutokea.

26
00:01:09,390 --> 00:01:14,720
Hivyo katika kesi rahisi sana ya kuwa na
baadhi ya kampuni ambayo ina mtandao wa kompyuta,

27
00:01:14,720 --> 00:01:21,470
unaweza kuwa, hebu sema, server kwamba
tutaweza kuteka tu kwamba inaonekana kama hii.

28
00:01:21,470 --> 00:01:25,620
Na siku hizi, wengi servers-- na hebu
kweli kuweka picha kwa hii tu ili

29
00:01:25,620 --> 00:01:27,680
kuwa ni kidogo kidogo yasiyokuwa na ufasili.

30
00:01:27,680 --> 00:01:31,510
>> Hivyo Dell rack server--
nyuma katika siku, kuna

31
00:01:31,510 --> 00:01:33,730
walikuwa kompyuta mainframe
kwamba akachukua vyumba nzima.

32
00:01:33,730 --> 00:01:35,710
Siku hizi, kama ungekuwa
kupata server, ni

33
00:01:35,710 --> 00:01:38,520
ili kuangalia kitu kidogo kama hii.

34
00:01:38,520 --> 00:01:41,760
Servers ni kipimo katika kile
zinaitwa vitengo rack, au Rus.

35
00:01:41,760 --> 00:01:45,280
Na moja RU ni 1.5 inches,
ambayo ni sekta ya kiwango.

36
00:01:45,280 --> 00:01:49,300
Hivyo hii inaonekana kama server mbili RU.

37
00:01:49,300 --> 00:01:51,240
Hivyo ni 3 inches tall.

38
00:01:51,240 --> 00:01:54,430
Na wao uko kwa ujumla 19 inches,
ambayo ina maana yote ya aina hii ya mambo

39
00:01:54,430 --> 00:01:55,160
ni sanifu.

40
00:01:55,160 --> 00:01:59,420
>> Hivyo kama wewe kuangalia katika center-- data
siyo tu katika server moja, lakini hebu

41
00:01:59,420 --> 00:02:02,110
tuangalie Google
kituo cha data na kuona kama sisi

42
00:02:02,110 --> 00:02:04,280
kuona picha nzuri katika Google Picha.

43
00:02:04,280 --> 00:02:09,090
Hii ni bora zaidi kuliko wewe lit
ingekuwa kawaida kupata, na mengi

44
00:02:09,090 --> 00:02:14,900
sexier kuangalia kama matokeo. lakini
hii ni nini inaonekana kama wanandoa

45
00:02:14,900 --> 00:02:17,380
seva mia zote
juu ya ukubwa huo,

46
00:02:17,380 --> 00:02:21,450
kweli, katika rack baada ya rack baada
rack baada ya rack katika kituo cha data.

47
00:02:21,450 --> 00:02:26,150
>> Kitu kama hii hii inaweza vizuri
kuwa Google, tangu mimi googled Google.

48
00:02:26,150 --> 00:02:28,330
Lakini inaweza kuwa mwakilishi
ya ujumla zaidi

49
00:02:28,330 --> 00:02:31,480
kituo cha data ambayo wengi
makampuni ni kawaida ushirikiano iko.

50
00:02:31,480 --> 00:02:34,940
Na ushirikiano iko ujumla maana yake
kwamba wewe kwenda mahali kama Equinix

51
00:02:34,940 --> 00:02:40,280
au wachuuzi mengine ambayo yana kubwa
maghala kwamba wana kura ya nguvu,

52
00:02:40,280 --> 00:02:42,950
kura ya baridi, hopefully
kura ya usalama,

53
00:02:42,950 --> 00:02:47,910
na mabwawa ya mtu binafsi enclosing racks ya
watumishi, na wewe ama kodi racks

54
00:02:47,910 --> 00:02:49,150
au wewe kuleta racks katika.

55
00:02:49,150 --> 00:02:51,420
>> Na makampuni binafsi,
startups hasa,

56
00:02:51,420 --> 00:02:54,820
itakuwa na baadhi ya aina ya biometrics
kupata katika ngome zao, au muhimu,

57
00:02:54,820 --> 00:02:55,640
au kadi ya muhimu.

58
00:02:55,640 --> 00:02:56,990
Wewe kufungua mlango.

59
00:02:56,990 --> 00:03:00,354
Na ndani ya kuna tu
Footage footprint za mraba

60
00:03:00,354 --> 00:03:03,270
kwamba wewe ni kulipa kwa ajili ya, ndani ya
ambayo unaweza kuweka kitu chochote unataka.

61
00:03:03,270 --> 00:03:04,770
>> Na kwa kawaida wewe kulipa kwa nguvu.

62
00:03:04,770 --> 00:03:06,920
Na kulipa kwa nyayo.

63
00:03:06,920 --> 00:03:08,770
Na kisha kulipa
mwenyewe kwa watumishi

64
00:03:08,770 --> 00:03:10,560
kwamba wewe ni kuleta katika nafasi hiyo.

65
00:03:10,560 --> 00:03:12,850
Na nini wewe kisha kuwa
chaguo la kufanya ni kulipa mtu

66
00:03:12,850 --> 00:03:15,120
kwa biashara huduma yako kuunganishwa.

67
00:03:15,120 --> 00:03:17,240
Unaweza kulipa idadi yoyote
ya wachuuzi, ambao wote

68
00:03:17,240 --> 00:03:19,210
kawaida kuja katika kuwa kituo cha data.

69
00:03:19,210 --> 00:03:22,740
>> Lakini halisi ya kuvutia swali ni,
nini kweli inakwenda katika racks hizo?

70
00:03:22,740 --> 00:03:25,020
Wapate yote vizuri sana
kuangalia kama kile sisi tu kuona.

71
00:03:25,020 --> 00:03:27,870
Lakini wao kufanya kazi tofauti
na haja ya kufanya mambo tofauti.

72
00:03:27,870 --> 00:03:29,661
Na hebu kweli
kuwahamasisha mjadala huu

73
00:03:29,661 --> 00:03:35,370
na swali la, nini tatizo
kuanza kutokea kama wewe ni mafanikio?

74
00:03:35,370 --> 00:03:37,900
>> Basi nimepata tovuti
kwamba umefanya kujengwa.

75
00:03:37,900 --> 00:03:40,450
Na labda kuiuza vilivyoandikwa
au kitu kama hicho.

76
00:03:40,450 --> 00:03:43,620
Na tumekuwa kufanya vizuri sana
na mauzo ya vilivyoandikwa online.

77
00:03:43,620 --> 00:03:48,490
Na kuanza kwa uzoefu
baadhi ya dalili, tovuti yako.

78
00:03:48,490 --> 00:03:51,070
Nini kinaweza kuwa baadhi ya
dalili kiufundi

79
00:03:51,070 --> 00:03:54,040
kwamba watumiaji ripoti kama biashara
ni kuongezeka na uchimbaji

80
00:03:54,040 --> 00:03:59,482
na tovuti yako ni
kunufaika na kwamba?

81
00:03:59,482 --> 00:04:02,690
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

82
00:04:02,690 --> 00:04:05,910

83
00:04:05,910 --> 00:04:07,050
>> DAVID Malan: Yeah, hasa.

84
00:04:07,050 --> 00:04:10,040
Hivyo unaweza kuwa
kushuka kwa tovuti yako.

85
00:04:10,040 --> 00:04:11,240
Na kwa nini huenda kwamba kutokea?

86
00:04:11,240 --> 00:04:12,660
Naam, kama sisi kudhani, kwa
ajili ya majadiliano

87
00:04:12,660 --> 00:04:15,160
sasa hivi, kwamba uko juu ya moja
wa haya majeshi ya kibiashara mtandao

88
00:04:15,160 --> 00:04:17,860
kwamba kuongelea kabla chakula cha mchana,
kwamba kulipa baadhi ya idadi ya dola

89
00:04:17,860 --> 00:04:20,859
kwa kwa mwezi, na umefanya tayari kulipwa
kwa gharama ya kila mwaka ya uwanja wako

90
00:04:20,859 --> 00:04:25,300
jina, kwamba mtandao jeshi pengine
overselling rasilimali zao

91
00:04:25,300 --> 00:04:26,050
kwa kiasi fulani.

92
00:04:26,050 --> 00:04:29,000
Hivyo unaweza kuwa na jina la mtumiaji
na password kwenye kompyuta zao.

93
00:04:29,000 --> 00:04:32,410
Lakini hivyo nguvu nyingine kadhaa, au kadhaa
kadhaa mengine, au labda hata kadhaa

94
00:04:32,410 --> 00:04:33,980
mia mengine, watumiaji.

95
00:04:33,980 --> 00:04:37,190
>> Na tovuti wanaishi kimwili
kwenye server sawa.

96
00:04:37,190 --> 00:04:38,340
Kwa nini hii inawezekana?

97
00:04:38,340 --> 00:04:40,680
Naam siku hizi, watumishi
kama hii kwa kawaida

98
00:04:40,680 --> 00:04:44,610
na anatoa nyingi ngumu, labda
kama wengi kama sita au zaidi anatoa ngumu,

99
00:04:44,610 --> 00:04:47,665
kila mmoja ambayo inaweza kuwa kama kiasi
kama 4 terabytes siku hizi.

100
00:04:47,665 --> 00:04:52,140
Hivyo unaweza kuwa na terabytes 24 ya nafasi
katika server moja tu kidogo kama hii.

101
00:04:52,140 --> 00:04:55,710
>> Na hata kama wewe kuiba baadhi ya nafasi hiyo
kwa redundancy, kwa madhumuni ya Backup,

102
00:04:55,710 --> 00:04:57,110
bado ni mengi kabisa ya nafasi.

103
00:04:57,110 --> 00:05:00,070
Na bila ya shaka, tovuti ya kawaida
haina haja kwamba nafasi sana.

104
00:05:00,070 --> 00:05:03,100
Tu kusajili watumiaji
na kuhifadhi kumbukumbu ya amri

105
00:05:03,100 --> 00:05:04,640
haina kuchukua nafasi sana kwamba wote.

106
00:05:04,640 --> 00:05:07,550
Hivyo unaweza kuigawa ni kabisa
bit na kumpa kila mtumiaji

107
00:05:07,550 --> 00:05:08,980
tu kipande kidogo ya hiyo.

108
00:05:08,980 --> 00:05:11,310
>> Wakati huo huo, kompyuta
kama hii siku hizi

109
00:05:11,310 --> 00:05:16,370
kawaida ina CPUs-- nyingi sio tu
moja, labda mbili, labda nne, labda 16,

110
00:05:16,370 --> 00:05:17,149
au hata zaidi.

111
00:05:17,149 --> 00:05:18,940
Na kila mmoja wa CPUs wale
ina kitu kinachoitwa

112
00:05:18,940 --> 00:05:22,230
msingi, ambayo ni aina ya kama
ubongo ndani ya ubongo.

113
00:05:22,230 --> 00:05:26,800
Hivyo kwa kweli wengi kila mtu hapa na
Laptops kisasa ina pengine msingi mbili

114
00:05:26,800 --> 00:05:32,030
au quad msingi CPU-- na pengine tu
CPU moja ndani ya mbali siku hizi.

115
00:05:32,030 --> 00:05:35,030
Lakini kompyuta desktop
na kompyuta rack kama

116
00:05:35,030 --> 00:05:39,000
hii inaweza kuwa na wachache kabisa
CPUs zaidi, na katika cores upande.

117
00:05:39,000 --> 00:05:44,180
>> Na kusema ukweli, hata katika Macs yetu na PC ya
leo, wewe si kweli haja cores mbili

118
00:05:44,180 --> 00:05:46,550
au quad cores kuangalia barua pepe yako.

119
00:05:46,550 --> 00:05:49,090
Kama kuna bottleneck yoyote wakati
suala la kutumia kompyuta,

120
00:05:49,090 --> 00:05:51,925
wewe binadamu ni pengine
Jambo slowest kuhusu kompyuta hiyo.

121
00:05:51,925 --> 00:05:54,800
Na wewe si kwenda kuwa na uwezo wa
kuangalia barua pepe yako yoyote kwa kasi kama wewe

122
00:05:54,800 --> 00:05:57,170
kuwa mara nne kama CPUs wengi au vipande.

123
00:05:57,170 --> 00:05:59,700
>> Lakini huo ni aina
ya kweli ya server.

124
00:05:59,700 --> 00:06:02,970
tovuti moja nguvu si
lazima haja zaidi ya moja

125
00:06:02,970 --> 00:06:05,756
CPU au msingi moja, moja
ndogo ubongo ndani ya kufanya

126
00:06:05,756 --> 00:06:07,380
wote wa kufikiri na usindikaji.

127
00:06:07,380 --> 00:06:10,561
Hivyo wazalishaji na vile vile
ilianza kipande na rasilimali hizo

128
00:06:10,561 --> 00:06:13,435
ili labda tovuti yako anapata moja
msingi, tovuti yako anapata msingi moja,

129
00:06:13,435 --> 00:06:15,290
au labda sisi ni kugawana moja ya msingi kama.

130
00:06:15,290 --> 00:06:16,820
Sisi ni pia kugawana nafasi disk.

131
00:06:16,820 --> 00:06:20,000
Na sisi ni pia kugawana RAM,
au Random Access Memory

132
00:06:20,000 --> 00:06:22,520
mbele, ambayo
pia kuna kiasi finite.

133
00:06:22,520 --> 00:06:23,420
>> Na kwamba ni muhimu.

134
00:06:23,420 --> 00:06:25,960
Hakuna jambo jinsi ghali
kompyuta alikuwa,

135
00:06:25,960 --> 00:06:28,440
bado kuna finite
kiasi cha rasilimali katika hilo.

136
00:06:28,440 --> 00:06:31,360
Na hivyo zaidi na zaidi wewe
kujaribu kuwaondoa rasilimali hizo,

137
00:06:31,360 --> 00:06:32,850
mambo polepole inaweza kuwa.

138
00:06:32,850 --> 00:06:34,646
Kwa nini?

139
00:06:34,646 --> 00:06:39,352
Kwa nini mambo polepole chini kama
dalili ya server kuwa overloaded?

140
00:06:39,352 --> 00:06:40,060
Nini kinaendelea?

141
00:06:40,060 --> 00:06:42,895

142
00:06:42,895 --> 00:06:46,388
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

143
00:06:46,388 --> 00:06:54,036

144
00:06:54,036 --> 00:06:55,160
DAVID Malan: Yeah, hasa.

145
00:06:55,160 --> 00:06:57,730
Mimi mapendekezo ya awali kwamba
RAM ni aina ya kumbukumbu.

146
00:06:57,730 --> 00:07:00,290
Ni tete, ambapo hiyo ni
ambapo programu na data

147
00:07:00,290 --> 00:07:01,890
kuhifadhiwa wakati wao ni kuwa kutumika.

148
00:07:01,890 --> 00:07:03,990
Na kwa hiyo hivyo kuna
tu idadi finite

149
00:07:03,990 --> 00:07:05,790
ya mambo unaweza kufanya inaonekana mara moja.

150
00:07:05,790 --> 00:07:07,740
Na pia ni kasi,
ambayo ni jambo zuri.

151
00:07:07,740 --> 00:07:09,990
Lakini ni ghali zaidi pia,
ambayo ni jambo baya.

152
00:07:09,990 --> 00:07:15,376
Na pia ni hiyo sasa katika chini
kiasi kuliko nafasi disk, disk ngumu

153
00:07:15,376 --> 00:07:16,750
nafasi, ambayo inaelekea kuwa nafuu.

154
00:07:16,750 --> 00:07:18,830
>> Kwa maneno mengine, wewe
anaweza kuwa 4 terabytes

155
00:07:18,830 --> 00:07:20,440
ya disk nafasi katika kompyuta yako.

156
00:07:20,440 --> 00:07:24,300
Lakini unaweza kuwa na 4
gigabytes, au 64 gigabytes,

157
00:07:24,300 --> 00:07:29,180
katika utaratibu wa ukubwa, sababu ya
1,000 chini, ya RAM katika kompyuta yako.

158
00:07:29,180 --> 00:07:30,320
Basi ni nini kompyuta kufanya?

159
00:07:30,320 --> 00:07:32,236
Naam, tuseme kwamba
kufanya kuwa 64 gigabytes

160
00:07:32,236 --> 00:07:35,110
ya RAM katika server kama hii, ambayo
itakuwa kawaida kabisa, kama si chini

161
00:07:35,110 --> 00:07:36,140
siku hizi.

162
00:07:36,140 --> 00:07:39,220
Lakini tuseme una mengi
watumiaji kufanya mambo mengi

163
00:07:39,220 --> 00:07:42,480
kwamba aina ya aina ya
haja 65 gigabytes ya kumbukumbu

164
00:07:42,480 --> 00:07:44,960
kushughulikia yote ya kwamba
sawia matumizi?

165
00:07:44,960 --> 00:07:47,580
>> Naam, unaweza kusema tu,
sorry, baadhi ya idadi ya watumiaji

166
00:07:47,580 --> 00:07:48,840
tu hawezi kupata tovuti.

167
00:07:48,840 --> 00:07:51,410
Na kwamba ni kipimo
ya mapumziko ya mwisho, bila ya shaka.

168
00:07:51,410 --> 00:07:55,570
Au wewe, kama uendeshaji
mfumo, kama Windows au Mac

169
00:07:55,570 --> 00:07:59,480
OS au Linux au Solaris au yoyote
idadi ya OSes wengine kwenye server kwamba,

170
00:07:59,480 --> 00:08:01,280
inaweza tu kuamua, unajua nini?

171
00:08:01,280 --> 00:08:03,780
Mimi tu kuwa gigabytes 64 ya RAM.

172
00:08:03,780 --> 00:08:05,440
Mimi aina ya haja 65.

173
00:08:05,440 --> 00:08:06,210
Hivyo unajua nini?

174
00:08:06,210 --> 00:08:10,030
Mimi nina kwenda kuchukua 1 gigabyte
thamani ya data katika RAM

175
00:08:10,030 --> 00:08:15,240
kwamba alikuwa angalau hivi karibuni kupatikana
na tu hoja hiyo kwa disk kwa muda,

176
00:08:15,240 --> 00:08:19,050
literally nakala yake kutoka kufunga
kumbukumbu ya kumbukumbu polepole

177
00:08:19,050 --> 00:08:24,000
ili niweze kisha kushughulikia kwamba
65 gigabyte haja ya kumbukumbu,

178
00:08:24,000 --> 00:08:25,650
kufanya baadhi ya hesabu juu yake.

179
00:08:25,650 --> 00:08:28,580
Kisha wakati mimi nina kosa kufanya hivyo,
Mimi itabidi hoja kwamba kwa disk,

180
00:08:28,580 --> 00:08:35,030
hoja kwamba RAM nyingine mimi muda kuweka
juu ya disk nyuma katika vifaa halisi

181
00:08:35,030 --> 00:08:37,280
ili mimi nina aina ya multitasking.

182
00:08:37,280 --> 00:08:41,190
>> Hivyo mimi nina aina ya kuweka mambo
muda katika nafasi hii polepole

183
00:08:41,190 --> 00:08:44,159
hivyo mimi kujenga udanganyifu
ya utunzaji kila mtu.

184
00:08:44,159 --> 00:08:45,290
Lakini kuna kushuka.

185
00:08:45,290 --> 00:08:45,790
Kwa nini?

186
00:08:45,790 --> 00:08:49,380
Naam, ndani ya hizi ngumu
disks siku hizi ni nini?

187
00:08:49,380 --> 00:08:52,030
Badala yake, inafanya nini kwa bidii
gari tofauti na RAM

188
00:08:52,030 --> 00:08:53,495
kama bora unajua sasa?

189
00:08:53,495 --> 00:08:56,750
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

190
00:08:56,750 --> 00:08:59,540

191
00:08:59,540 --> 00:09:01,445
>> DAVID Malan: Sawa, kweli.

192
00:09:01,445 --> 00:09:02,320
Watazamaji: [inaudible]

193
00:09:02,320 --> 00:09:05,440

194
00:09:05,440 --> 00:09:06,750
>> DAVID Malan: Hivyo kweli sana.

195
00:09:06,750 --> 00:09:13,709
Na kwamba ni athari au kipengele
ukweli RAM kwamba ni kweli kwa kasi zaidi.

196
00:09:13,709 --> 00:09:15,750
Na kwa hiyo unataka
kuitumia kwa ajili ya matumizi ya sasa.

197
00:09:15,750 --> 00:09:17,290
Na disk ni polepole.

198
00:09:17,290 --> 00:09:19,630
Lakini ni kudumu, au nonvolatile.

199
00:09:19,630 --> 00:09:21,480
Hivyo matumizi yake kwa ajili ya kuhifadhi muda mrefu.

200
00:09:21,480 --> 00:09:25,160
Lakini katika suala la
utekelezaji, kama mimi kuangalia juu

201
00:09:25,160 --> 00:09:29,297
kile kinachoitwa DIMM, Dual Inline Kumbukumbu
Module, hii ni nini kipande cha RAM

202
00:09:29,297 --> 00:09:30,380
inaweza kawaida kuangalia kama.

203
00:09:30,380 --> 00:09:35,050
>> Hivyo ndani ya Mac-- yetu hiyo ni mdudu.

204
00:09:35,050 --> 00:09:41,080
Ndani ya Macs yetu na PC, desktop wetu
kompyuta ingekuwa vijiti wa kumbukumbu,

205
00:09:41,080 --> 00:09:43,220
kama ungependa kuwaita,
au DIMMs, au SIMMS nyuma

206
00:09:43,220 --> 00:09:44,970
katika siku, ya kumbukumbu
ili kuangalia kama hii.

207
00:09:44,970 --> 00:09:47,900
Laptops wetu pengine mambo ambayo
ni ya tatu ukubwa au ukubwa wa nusu.

208
00:09:47,900 --> 00:09:50,066
Wao ni mdogo kidogo,
lakini huo idea-- kidogo

209
00:09:50,066 --> 00:09:52,110
vipande vya silicon kijani
kaki au plastiki kwamba

210
00:09:52,110 --> 00:09:56,237
ina chips nyeusi kidogo juu yao kwa kura
ya waya koppla kila kitu.

211
00:09:56,237 --> 00:09:58,820
Unaweza kuwa na rundo zima la
hizi ndani ya kompyuta yako.

212
00:09:58,820 --> 00:10:00,903
Lakini takeaway hapa ni
ni kabisa elektroniki.

213
00:10:00,903 --> 00:10:03,130
Kuna elektroni tu
inapita kwenye kifaa hiki.

214
00:10:03,130 --> 00:10:08,170
Kwa upande mwingine, kama sisi kuangalia
ndani ya gari ngumu

215
00:10:08,170 --> 00:10:10,760
na kuvuta up picha
hapa, ungekuwa badala

216
00:10:10,760 --> 00:10:16,600
kuona kitu kama hiki,
ambayo haina kuwa na umeme

217
00:10:16,600 --> 00:10:17,950
kwenda kwa njia hiyo hatimaye.

218
00:10:17,950 --> 00:10:20,265
Lakini nini pia anaruka nje
saa wewe juu ya jambo hili?

219
00:10:20,265 --> 00:10:21,140
Watazamaji: [inaudible]

220
00:10:21,140 --> 00:10:22,710
DAVID Malan: Yeah, kuna
inaonekana sehemu ya kusonga mbele.

221
00:10:22,710 --> 00:10:25,210
Ni aina ya kama rekodi ya zamani
mchezaji au santuri mchezaji.

222
00:10:25,210 --> 00:10:26,200
Na ni pretty much ni.

223
00:10:26,200 --> 00:10:28,950
Ni kidogo fancier kuliko that--
ambapo santuri mchezaji kutumika

224
00:10:28,950 --> 00:10:33,150
grooves katika rekodi, hii kwa kweli
anatumia kidogo kidogo magnetic chembe

225
00:10:33,150 --> 00:10:34,550
kwamba hatuwezi kabisa kuona.

226
00:10:34,550 --> 00:10:38,520
Lakini kama kidogo magnetic chembe
Inaonekana kama hii, ni kuchukuliwa 1.

227
00:10:38,520 --> 00:10:41,230
Na kama inaonekana kama hii,
kaskazini-kusini badala ya kusini-kaskazini,

228
00:10:41,230 --> 00:10:42,252
inaweza kuwa 0.

229
00:10:42,252 --> 00:10:45,460
Na tutaweza kuona kesho jinsi gani tunaweza kujenga
na kwamba kwa mambo ya kuvutia zaidi.

230
00:10:45,460 --> 00:10:47,590
>> Lakini kitu chochote hiyo ni
got kimwili hoja

231
00:10:47,590 --> 00:10:51,010
kwa hakika kwenda polepole
kuliko kasi ya mwanga,

232
00:10:51,010 --> 00:10:53,250
ambayo katika nadharia ni nini
Electron inaweza kati yake katika,

233
00:10:53,250 --> 00:10:54,620
ingawa realistically kabisa.

234
00:10:54,620 --> 00:10:56,900
Hivyo mitambo devices-- polepole sana.

235
00:10:56,900 --> 00:10:58,320
Lakini wao uko nafuu.

236
00:10:58,320 --> 00:11:00,944
Na unaweza fit sana
data zaidi ndani mwao.

237
00:11:00,944 --> 00:11:03,110
Hivyo ukweli kwamba kuna
ipo katika kitu dunia

238
00:11:03,110 --> 00:11:06,840
aitwaye kumbukumbu virtual,
kutumia disk ngumu kama hii

239
00:11:06,840 --> 00:11:10,160
kana kwamba ni RAM
uwazi kwa mtumiaji,

240
00:11:10,160 --> 00:11:15,320
tu na kusonga data
kutoka RAM disk ngumu,

241
00:11:15,320 --> 00:11:18,714
kisha kuhamia nyuma wakati unahitaji
tena, inajenga kushuka.

242
00:11:18,714 --> 00:11:21,380
Kwa sababu wewe literally kuwa na
nakala yake kutoka sehemu moja hadi nyingine.

243
00:11:21,380 --> 00:11:25,100
Na jambo wewe ni kuiga yake huko na
kutoka ni kweli polepole zaidi kuliko RAM

244
00:11:25,100 --> 00:11:26,150
wapi unataka hiyo kuwa.

245
00:11:26,150 --> 00:11:29,030
>> mbadala ufumbuzi here--
kama huna kama kwamba polepole chini,

246
00:11:29,030 --> 00:11:32,014
na kumbukumbu yako virtual ni
aina ya kuwa overtaxed,

247
00:11:32,014 --> 00:11:33,680
nini mwingine ufumbuzi wa tatizo hili?

248
00:11:33,680 --> 00:11:35,260
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

249
00:11:35,260 --> 00:11:37,260
DAVID Malan: Sawa,
kuongeza kumbukumbu virtual

250
00:11:37,260 --> 00:11:39,135
ingekuwa basi sisi kufanya hivyo kwenye
wadogo hata kubwa.

251
00:11:39,135 --> 00:11:43,540
Tunaweza kushughulikia 66 gigabytes thamani
mahitaji ya kumbukumbu, au gigabytes 67.

252
00:11:43,540 --> 00:11:45,830
Lakini tuseme sipendi
hii chini polepole, kwa kweli

253
00:11:45,830 --> 00:11:49,380
Nataka kugeuka mbali virtual
kumbukumbu kama kwamba ni hata inawezekana,

254
00:11:49,380 --> 00:11:52,350
kile kingine inaweza mimi kutupa saa
tatizo hili kulitatua,

255
00:11:52,350 --> 00:11:56,900
ambapo nataka kushughulikia watumiaji zaidi
na mahitaji zaidi ya kumbukumbu

256
00:11:56,900 --> 00:11:59,100
kuliko mimi kimwili na kwa kipindi hiki?

257
00:11:59,100 --> 00:12:02,600
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

258
00:12:02,600 --> 00:12:04,800

259
00:12:04,800 --> 00:12:06,140
>> DAVID Malan: Kwa bahati mbaya hakuna.

260
00:12:06,140 --> 00:12:09,850
Hivyo CPU na cores wao uko
katika ni rasilimali finite.

261
00:12:09,850 --> 00:12:13,280
Na hakuna Analog katika mazingira.

262
00:12:13,280 --> 00:12:14,990
swali nzuri, ingawa.

263
00:12:14,990 --> 00:12:19,270
Hivyo tu kuwa wazi, pia, kama
ndani ya kompyuta hii ni,

264
00:12:19,270 --> 00:12:24,510
hebu sema, fimbo ya RAM kwamba inaonekana
kama hii na hivyo tutaweza kuwaita RAM hii.

265
00:12:24,510 --> 00:12:27,070
Na hapa ni ngumu disk drive.

266
00:12:27,070 --> 00:12:30,130
Na mimi itabidi kuteka hii
pictorially kama mzunguko kidogo.

267
00:12:30,130 --> 00:12:33,740
Kuna 0 na 1 ya katika wawili wa
data these--, tutaweza kujumlisha ni kama.

268
00:12:33,740 --> 00:12:38,030
>> Na kimsingi, kama mtumiaji ni
mbio maombi kama,

269
00:12:38,030 --> 00:12:46,070
hebu sema, tovuti ambayo inahitaji huu
RAM kiasi kwa mtumiaji, nini mimi kupendekeza,

270
00:12:46,070 --> 00:12:48,380
kwa njia ya jambo hili
aitwaye kumbukumbu virtual,

271
00:12:48,380 --> 00:12:53,990
ni tu kwa muda kusonga
kuwa juu hapa ili sasa mimi

272
00:12:53,990 --> 00:12:57,810
unaweza hoja ya kumbukumbu ya mtu mwingine
mahitaji zaidi ya hapo.

273
00:12:57,810 --> 00:13:00,420
Na kisha wakati kwamba ni kosa,
Siwezi nakala hii nyuma zaidi

274
00:13:00,420 --> 00:13:04,550
na hii inakwenda hapa, na hivyo kusonga
nini nilitaka katika huko mahali pengine

275
00:13:04,550 --> 00:13:05,050
kabisa.

276
00:13:05,050 --> 00:13:07,820
>> Hivyo kuna tu mengi ya
switcheroo, ni takeaway hapa.

277
00:13:07,820 --> 00:13:12,380
Hivyo kama huna kama hayo, na huna
wanataka kuweka chochote kwenye gari ngumu,

278
00:13:12,380 --> 00:13:16,440
nini aina ya dhahiri
ufumbuzi wa biashara ya mtu

279
00:13:16,440 --> 00:13:19,684
tatizo, au mhandisi
ufumbuzi, kwa jambo hilo, pia?

280
00:13:19,684 --> 00:13:21,950
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

281
00:13:21,950 --> 00:13:24,750
>> DAVID Malan: Yeah, I mean literally
kutupa fedha katika tatizo.

282
00:13:24,750 --> 00:13:27,541
Na kwa kweli, hii ni kamili
segue kwa baadhi ya kiwango cha juu

283
00:13:27,541 --> 00:13:28,870
majadiliano ya kompyuta wingu.

284
00:13:28,870 --> 00:13:31,390
Kwa sababu mengi ya hayo ni motisha
na maamuzi ya kifedha,

285
00:13:31,390 --> 00:13:33,040
hata lazima kiteknolojia.

286
00:13:33,040 --> 00:13:37,830
Kama 64 gigs ya RAM ni kidogo sana, vizuri,
kwa nini kupata 128 gigabytes ya RAM?

287
00:13:37,830 --> 00:13:40,440
Kwa nini kupata 256 gigabytes ya RAM?

288
00:13:40,440 --> 00:13:41,732
Naam, kwa nini?

289
00:13:41,732 --> 00:13:42,608
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

290
00:13:42,608 --> 00:13:44,482
DAVID Malan: Naam, ni
gharama za fedha zaidi, uhakika.

291
00:13:44,482 --> 00:13:46,970
Na kama tayari una vipuri
hard disk nafasi, kwa ufanisi,

292
00:13:46,970 --> 00:13:51,407
au equivalently, hard disk nafasi ni hivyo
nafuu sana unaweza pia kuitumia.

293
00:13:51,407 --> 00:13:54,490
Hivyo tena, kuna biashara hii mbali kwamba
tuliona hata mapema asubuhi hii,

294
00:13:54,490 --> 00:13:56,656
ambapo kuna kweli si
lazima jibu sahihi,

295
00:13:56,656 --> 00:14:01,360
kuna tu bora au mbaya jibu
kulingana na kile kweli huduma ya juu.

296
00:14:01,360 --> 00:14:04,500
>> Hivyo pia kuna hali halisi ya kiteknolojia.

297
00:14:04,500 --> 00:14:06,870
Siwezi kununua kompyuta,
kwa ufahamu wangu,

298
00:14:06,870 --> 00:14:09,490
na gigabytes trilioni
ya RAM hivi sasa.

299
00:14:09,490 --> 00:14:11,540
Ni tu kimwili haipo.

300
00:14:11,540 --> 00:14:13,240
Kwa hiyo, kuna baadhi amefungwa juu.

301
00:14:13,240 --> 00:14:15,990
Lakini kama wameweza milele hata shopped
kwa ajili ya matumizi ya Mac au PC,

302
00:14:15,990 --> 00:14:20,180
sana, kwa ujumla kuna
hii Curve ya makala

303
00:14:20,180 --> 00:14:23,410
ambapo kuna inaweza kuwa nzuri,
bora, na kompyuta bora.

304
00:14:23,410 --> 00:14:25,730
>> Na mapato ya pembezoni
juu ya kununua dola yako

305
00:14:25,730 --> 00:14:30,227
kompyuta bora dhidi ya
kompyuta bora

306
00:14:30,227 --> 00:14:32,560
wanaweza kuwa karibu kama juu
kama matumizi ya fedha kidogo zaidi

307
00:14:32,560 --> 00:14:35,599
na kupata kompyuta bora
zaidi ya kompyuta nzuri.

308
00:14:35,599 --> 00:14:38,390
Kwa maneno mengine, wewe ni kulipa
premium kupata juu ya mstari.

309
00:14:38,390 --> 00:14:40,790
>> Na nini tutaweza kuona katika
mjadala wa kompyuta wingu

310
00:14:40,790 --> 00:14:44,940
ni kwamba nini ya kawaida sana hawa
siku, na kile makampuni kama Google

311
00:14:44,940 --> 00:14:50,560
mapema juu ya umaarufu, si kulipa
kwa na kujenga kweli dhana, ghali

312
00:14:50,560 --> 00:14:53,540
souped up kompyuta na
kura na kura ya kila kitu,

313
00:14:53,540 --> 00:15:00,140
lakini badala ya kununua au kujenga pretty
kompyuta kawaida lakini kura wao,

314
00:15:00,140 --> 00:15:03,280
na kutumia kitu ambacho kwa ujumla
aitwaye usawa kuongeza badala

315
00:15:03,280 --> 00:15:04,320
ya kuongeza wima.

316
00:15:04,320 --> 00:15:08,115
>> Hivyo wima kuongeza itakuwa na maana kupata zaidi
RAM, zaidi disk, zaidi ya kila kitu,

317
00:15:08,115 --> 00:15:10,187
na aina ya kuwekeza
wima katika vifaa yako

318
00:15:10,187 --> 00:15:12,520
hivyo wewe ni kupata tu
bora ya bora ya bora,

319
00:15:12,520 --> 00:15:13,650
lakini wewe ni kulipa kwa ajili yake.

320
00:15:13,650 --> 00:15:17,580
Horizontal kuongeza ni aina ya kupata
chini tier mambo, mfano mzuri,

321
00:15:17,580 --> 00:15:19,922
au hata zaidi mtindo,
lakini kupata kura wao.

322
00:15:19,922 --> 00:15:22,630
Lakini kwa haraka kama wewe kupata kura ya
them-- kwa mfano, katika kesi hii,

323
00:15:22,630 --> 00:15:27,330
Sava, kama seva hii moja
au moja mtandao jeshi ni haitoshi,

324
00:15:27,330 --> 00:15:32,310
basi tu intuitively,
ufumbuzi wa tatizo hili la mzigo

325
00:15:32,310 --> 00:15:36,460
au overload kwenye seva yako
ni ama kupata server kubwa

326
00:15:36,460 --> 00:15:40,770
au, nini mimi kupendekeza hapa badala
ya kuongeza wima hivyo kusema,

327
00:15:40,770 --> 00:15:41,920
itakuwa, unajua nini?

328
00:15:41,920 --> 00:15:43,580
Tu kupata moja ya pili ya haya.

329
00:15:43,580 --> 00:15:46,560
Au labda hata kupata tatu.

330
00:15:46,560 --> 00:15:48,900
Lakini sasa tumekuwa umba
tatizo uhandisi

331
00:15:48,900 --> 00:15:51,920
na asili ya biashara hii
au uamuzi wa kifedha.

332
00:15:51,920 --> 00:15:54,312
Nini tatizo uhandisi sasa?

333
00:15:54,312 --> 00:15:56,040
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

334
00:15:56,040 --> 00:15:59,740
>> DAVID Malan: Yeah, ni jinsi gani
wewe kuungana nao and-- pole?

335
00:15:59,740 --> 00:16:00,651
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

336
00:16:00,651 --> 00:16:02,400
DAVID Malan: Right,
kwa sababu mimi bado have--

337
00:16:02,400 --> 00:16:07,280
kama mimi kuanzisha tena me ndani ya picha hii,
kama hii ni mbali yangu mahali fulani

338
00:16:07,280 --> 00:16:12,400
kwenye mtandao, ambayo sasa ni kati ya
mimi na kampuni tunazungumzia,

339
00:16:12,400 --> 00:16:17,960
sasa nina kufikiri, ambayo
server gani mimi kutuma user hii hasa?

340
00:16:17,960 --> 00:16:25,090
Na kama kuna watumiaji wengine, kama
huu, na kisha hii moja zaidi ya hapa,

341
00:16:25,090 --> 00:16:28,850
na labda hii ni user A, hii
ni user B, hii ni user C,

342
00:16:28,850 --> 00:16:34,720
na hii ni server 1, 2, na 3-- sasa
jibu Intuitive inaweza hapa kuwa tu,

343
00:16:34,720 --> 00:16:37,460
tutaweza kutuma user A to 1
na B ​​kwa 2 na C kwa 3.

344
00:16:37,460 --> 00:16:39,900
Na tunaweza kushughulikia mara 3 kama watumiaji wengi.

345
00:16:39,900 --> 00:16:41,360
>> Lakini hiyo ni kurahisisha.

346
00:16:41,360 --> 00:16:44,480
Jinsi gani unaweza kuamua nani wa kutuma wapi?

347
00:16:44,480 --> 00:16:46,400
Basi hebu jaribu kwa sababu kwa njia hii.

348
00:16:46,400 --> 00:16:50,110
Hivyo kudhani kuwa kompyuta
, B, C na ni wateja,

349
00:16:50,110 --> 00:16:53,972
na watumishi 1, 2, na 3 ni
usawa scaled servrar.

350
00:16:53,972 --> 00:16:55,180
Hivyo wao ni aina ya kufanana.

351
00:16:55,180 --> 00:16:57,200
Wao ni wote kuendesha programu hiyo.

352
00:16:57,200 --> 00:16:59,770
Nao wote wanaweza kufanya kitu kimoja.

353
00:16:59,770 --> 00:17:01,520
Lakini sababu tuna
watatu kati yao ni hivyo

354
00:17:01,520 --> 00:17:04,710
kwamba tunaweza kushughulikia tatu
mara kama watu wengi kwa mara moja.

355
00:17:04,710 --> 00:17:07,960
>> Hivyo tunajua kutoka wetu
majadiliano kabla ya chakula cha mchana

356
00:17:07,960 --> 00:17:11,460
kuwa kuna vifaa katika kati ya
Laptops na seva.

357
00:17:11,460 --> 00:17:14,920
Lakini tutaweza tu aina ya kujumlisha
kwamba sasa kama biashara au wingu.

358
00:17:14,920 --> 00:17:18,707
Lakini tunajua kwamba katika nyumba yangu,
kuna pengine nyumbani router.

359
00:17:18,707 --> 00:17:21,290
Karibu watumishi, kuna pengine
router, DNS server, DHCP.

360
00:17:21,290 --> 00:17:24,780
Kuna inaweza kuwa kitu chochote
tunataka katika hadithi hii.

361
00:17:24,780 --> 00:17:33,360
>> Hivyo ni jinsi gani sisi kuanza kuamua,
wakati mtumiaji A inakwenda something.com,

362
00:17:33,360 --> 00:17:36,630
ambayo server kwa njia mtumiaji?

363
00:17:36,630 --> 00:17:39,409
Jinsi gani tunaanza kuwaambia hadithi hii?

364
00:17:39,409 --> 00:17:40,450
Watazamaji: Mzigo kusawazisha?

365
00:17:40,450 --> 00:17:41,120
DAVID Malan: Mzigo kusawazisha.

366
00:17:41,120 --> 00:17:42,502
Ni nini maana na kwamba?

367
00:17:42,502 --> 00:17:44,660
>> Watazamaji: Kurudi
ambapo matumizi zaidi ni

368
00:17:44,660 --> 00:17:47,472
na ambayo moja ina
zaidi rasilimali zilizopo.

369
00:17:47,472 --> 00:17:49,930
DAVID Malan: OK, hivyo basi mimi
kuanzisha aina mpya ya vifaa

370
00:17:49,930 --> 00:17:53,627
kwamba sisi bado kujadiliwa, ambayo
ni hasa kwamba, mzigo balancer.

371
00:17:53,627 --> 00:17:54,960
Hii pia inaweza tu kuwa server.

372
00:17:54,960 --> 00:17:58,130
Ni inaweza kuangalia hasa kama
moja tuliona wakati iliyopita.

373
00:17:58,130 --> 00:18:01,000
balancer mzigo kwa kweli ni
tu kipande cha programu

374
00:18:01,000 --> 00:18:02,660
kwamba wewe kukimbia juu ya kipande cha vifaa.

375
00:18:02,660 --> 00:18:07,310
>> Au unaweza kulipa muuzaji, kama
Citrix au watu wengine, Cisco au wengine.

376
00:18:07,310 --> 00:18:10,465
Unaweza kulipa kwa ajili ya vifaa wao wenyewe,
ambayo ni vifaa balancer mzigo.

377
00:18:10,465 --> 00:18:12,840
Lakini kwamba tu ina maana wao
kabla ya imewekwa mzigo kusawazisha

378
00:18:12,840 --> 00:18:15,580
programu kwenye vifaa vyao na
kuuzwa kwa nyote pamoja.

379
00:18:15,580 --> 00:18:18,670
Hivyo tutaweza tu kuteka ni kama
mstatili kwa madhumuni yetu.

380
00:18:18,670 --> 00:18:22,040
>> Jinsi sasa Je, mimi kutekeleza mzigo balancer?

381
00:18:22,040 --> 00:18:28,150
Kwa maneno mengine, wakati mtumiaji anataka A
kutembelea tovuti yangu, ombi lao kwa namna fulani

382
00:18:28,150 --> 00:18:31,070
au nyingine, pengine kwa njia ya hao
ruta kuongelea awali,

383
00:18:31,070 --> 00:18:33,750
ni kwenda hatimaye kufikia
huu mzigo balancer, ambaye wakati huo

384
00:18:33,750 --> 00:18:36,210
anahitaji kufanya routing-kama uamuzi.

385
00:18:36,210 --> 00:18:38,320
Lakini ni routing kwa aina
kusudi ya juu sasa.

386
00:18:38,320 --> 00:18:40,361
Siyo tu kuhusu kupata
kutoka kiwango A kwa uhakika

387
00:18:40,361 --> 00:18:44,730
B. Ni kuhusu kuamua ambayo
uhakika B ni bora kati ya them--

388
00:18:44,730 --> 00:18:46,660
1, 2, au 3 katika kesi hii.

389
00:18:46,660 --> 00:18:51,000
>> Hivyo ni jinsi gani mimi kuamua iwapo
kwenda kwa 1, 2, 3?

390
00:18:51,000 --> 00:18:55,180
Nini kinaweza hii sanduku nyeusi, hivyo kwa
kusema, kuwa kufanya juu ya ndani?

391
00:18:55,180 --> 00:18:57,880
Hii pia ni mfano mwingine katika
sayansi ya kompyuta kwa ujumla.

392
00:18:57,880 --> 00:19:02,410
Mimi literally inayotolewa mzigo balancer
kama sanduku nyeusi katika wino mweusi, ndani ya

393
00:19:02,410 --> 00:19:05,300
ambayo ni ya baadhi ya kuvutia
mantiki, au uchawi hata,

394
00:19:05,300 --> 00:19:07,840
nje ya ambayo inatakiwa kuja
decision-- 1, 2, au 3.

395
00:19:07,840 --> 00:19:12,220
Na pembejeo ni tu A.

396
00:19:12,220 --> 00:19:13,442
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

397
00:19:13,442 --> 00:19:14,400
DAVID Malan: Mimi nasikitika?

398
00:19:14,400 --> 00:19:14,770
Watazamaji: [inaudible]

399
00:19:14,770 --> 00:19:18,310
DAVID Malan: zote haki, jinsi nguvu sisi
Panga aina ya shughuli

400
00:19:18,310 --> 00:19:19,095
hapa?

401
00:19:19,095 --> 00:19:23,772
>> Watazamaji: Viewing webpage
dhidi ya querying database.

402
00:19:23,772 --> 00:19:24,980
DAVID Malan: Sawa, hiyo ni nzuri.

403
00:19:24,980 --> 00:19:29,210
Hivyo labda hii user A
anataka kuona ukurasa wa mtandao.

404
00:19:29,210 --> 00:19:32,954
Na labda ni hata maudhui tuli,
kitu ambacho mabadiliko mara chache, kama milele.

405
00:19:32,954 --> 00:19:34,870
Na kwamba inaonekana kama
pretty rahisi operesheni.

406
00:19:34,870 --> 00:19:38,260
Hivyo labda tutaweza tu kiholela,
lakini sababu, kusema,

407
00:19:38,260 --> 00:19:42,750
server 1, kusudi lake katika maisha ni
kutumikia tu up maudhui tuli,

408
00:19:42,750 --> 00:19:45,150
files kwamba mara chache, kama milele, mabadiliko.

409
00:19:45,150 --> 00:19:46,870
Labda ni picha kwenye ukurasa.

410
00:19:46,870 --> 00:19:50,180
Labda ni maandishi kwenye ukurasa au
nyingine kama aina ya mambo uninteresting,

411
00:19:50,180 --> 00:19:52,460
kitu kikazi, hakuna kitu ya nguvu.

412
00:19:52,460 --> 00:19:57,000
>> Kwa upande mwingine, kama mtumiaji A ni kuangalia
nje ya ununuzi gari yake kwamba

413
00:19:57,000 --> 00:20:00,972
inahitaji database, mahala fulani kuhifadhi
na kukumbuka kwamba manunuzi, vizuri

414
00:20:00,972 --> 00:20:02,680
labda kwamba ombi
anatakiwa kwenda server 2.

415
00:20:02,680 --> 00:20:03,610
Hivyo hiyo ni nzuri.

416
00:20:03,610 --> 00:20:07,010
Ili tuweze mzigo usawa msingi
na aina ya maombi.

417
00:20:07,010 --> 00:20:08,278
Jinsi mwingine gani tunafanya hivi?

418
00:20:08,278 --> 00:20:13,690

419
00:20:13,690 --> 00:20:14,686
nini other--

420
00:20:14,686 --> 00:20:17,382
>> Watazamaji: Kulingana na seva
matumizi na uwezo.

421
00:20:17,382 --> 00:20:18,340
DAVID Malan: Right, OK.

422
00:20:18,340 --> 00:20:19,950
Hivyo alieleza kuwa awali, Kareem.

423
00:20:19,950 --> 00:20:26,850
Basi nini kama sisi kutoa baadhi ya pembejeo
juu ya [inaudible] miongoni mwa watumishi 1, 2,

424
00:20:26,850 --> 00:20:32,070
na 3 kwa mzigo huu balancer ili
wao ni mara kwa mara tu kuwafahamisha

425
00:20:32,070 --> 00:20:36,420
mzigo balancer nini hali zao ni?

426
00:20:36,420 --> 00:20:39,842
Kama, hey, mzigo balancer,
Mimi nina saa 50% matumizi.

427
00:20:39,842 --> 00:20:41,550
Kwa maneno mengine, nina
nusu kama watumiaji wengi

428
00:20:41,550 --> 00:20:43,520
kama mimi kweli anaweza kushughulikia hivi sasa.

429
00:20:43,520 --> 00:20:45,480
Hey, mzigo balancer, mimi nina
saa 100% matumizi.

430
00:20:45,480 --> 00:20:47,929
Hey, mzigo balancer, 0% matumizi.

431
00:20:47,929 --> 00:20:49,970
mzigo balancer, ikiwa ni
iliyoundwa kwa njia ambayo

432
00:20:49,970 --> 00:20:53,990
wanaweza kuchukua katika maoni hayo
kama pembejeo, inaweza kisha

433
00:20:53,990 --> 00:20:57,420
kuamua, ooh, namba 2 ni 100%.

434
00:20:57,420 --> 00:21:01,440
Napenda kutuma hakuna maombi ya baadaye kwake
zaidi ya watumiaji tayari kushikamana.

435
00:21:01,440 --> 00:21:02,360
guy hii ni saa 0%.

436
00:21:02,360 --> 00:21:03,940
Hebu kutuma mengi ya trafiki kwake.

437
00:21:03,940 --> 00:21:05,480
Hii guy alisema yeye ni saa 50%.

438
00:21:05,480 --> 00:21:08,080
Hebu kutuma baadhi ya trafiki kwake.

439
00:21:08,080 --> 00:21:12,012
>> Hivyo kwamba itakuwa kingo, kwamba
sisi inaweza kuchukua mzigo katika akaunti.

440
00:21:12,012 --> 00:21:13,470
Na itakuja na mabadiliko ya muda.

441
00:21:13,470 --> 00:21:14,678
Hivyo maamuzi itabadilika.

442
00:21:14,678 --> 00:21:17,350
Hivyo hiyo ni mbinu nzuri kwa kweli,
moja hiyo kawaida kutumika.

443
00:21:17,350 --> 00:21:18,410
Nini kingine unaweza kufanya nini?

444
00:21:18,410 --> 00:21:20,380
Na hebu kweli tu muhtasari hapa.

445
00:21:20,380 --> 00:21:29,510
Hivyo maamuzi hapa inaweza kuwa
na aina ya trafiki, mimi itabidi kuiita.

446
00:21:29,510 --> 00:21:32,220
Ni inaweza kuwa msingi mzigo.

447
00:21:32,220 --> 00:21:34,692
Hebu tuone kama hatuwezi
kuja na nyingine chache.

448
00:21:34,692 --> 00:21:35,934
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

449
00:21:35,934 --> 00:21:36,850
DAVID Malan: Location.

450
00:21:36,850 --> 00:21:37,724
Hivyo hiyo ni moja nzuri.

451
00:21:37,724 --> 00:21:40,880
Hivyo location-- jinsi gani wewe
kujiinua habari kwamba?

452
00:21:40,880 --> 00:21:44,317
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

453
00:21:44,317 --> 00:21:54,140

454
00:21:54,140 --> 00:21:57,040
>> DAVID Malan: Oh, hiyo ni nzuri.

455
00:21:57,040 --> 00:21:59,450
Na kuhusu jinsi milliseconds wengi
itakuwa ni kupungua kwa

456
00:21:59,450 --> 00:22:02,466
kulingana na kile tuliona hii
asubuhi, unaweza kusema?

457
00:22:02,466 --> 00:22:04,330
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

458
00:22:04,330 --> 00:22:06,550
>> DAVID Malan: Sawa, makao
juu ya kuwaeleza njia

459
00:22:06,550 --> 00:22:09,070
tuliona mapema, ambayo ni tu
mbaya kipimo cha kitu,

460
00:22:09,070 --> 00:22:11,800
angalau inachukua muda gani
kwa data kupata kutoka A na B

461
00:22:11,800 --> 00:22:16,140
anahisi kama kitu chochote ndani, ni nini,
kama 74 milliseconds, kutoa au kuchukua?

462
00:22:16,140 --> 00:22:19,200
Na kisha kitu chochote 100 plus,
200 plus labda nje ya nchi.

463
00:22:19,200 --> 00:22:22,110
Na hivyo kwa kuzingatia kwamba peke yake,
inaonekana busara kudhani

464
00:22:22,110 --> 00:22:25,310
kwamba kwa mtumiaji katika Marekani
kupata server Ulaya

465
00:22:25,310 --> 00:22:28,900
inaweza kuchukua mara mbili au mara tatu
muda mrefu, hata katika milliseconds,

466
00:22:28,900 --> 00:22:31,280
kuliko inaweza kuchukua kama kwamba
server walikuwa ziko hapa

467
00:22:31,280 --> 00:22:33,370
kijiografia, au kinyume chake.

468
00:22:33,370 --> 00:22:35,120
Hivyo wakati mimi mapendekezo
awali kwamba hasa

469
00:22:35,120 --> 00:22:37,880
mara tu msalaba kwamba 200 millisecond
kizingiti, kutoa au kuchukua,

470
00:22:37,880 --> 00:22:39,210
binadamu hawana kuanza kwa taarifa.

471
00:22:39,210 --> 00:22:42,960
Na kuwaeleza njia ni tu
kuchukua mbichi, data uninteresting.

472
00:22:42,960 --> 00:22:46,570
Wakati una tovuti, una
kupata user kushusha picha au movie

473
00:22:46,570 --> 00:22:49,150
files, kura ya maandishi,
baadae maombi.

474
00:22:49,150 --> 00:22:53,116
Tuliona tulipotembelea, nini ilikuwa
hivyo, Facebook au Amazon awali,

475
00:22:53,116 --> 00:22:55,490
kuna mengi yote ya mambo
kwamba mahitaji ya kuwa kupakuliwa.

476
00:22:55,490 --> 00:22:56,573
Hivyo hiyo ni kwenda kuongeza up.

477
00:22:56,573 --> 00:23:00,259
Hivyo mbalimbali sekunde nguvu
kuwa ushabiki.

478
00:23:00,259 --> 00:23:01,800
Hivyo nzuri, Jiografia ni kiungo moja.

479
00:23:01,800 --> 00:23:05,920
Hivyo katika makampuni ukweli kama
Akamai, kama wewe Nimesikia wao,

480
00:23:05,920 --> 00:23:10,000
au wengine kwa muda mrefu kuchukuliwa
Jiografia katika akaunti.

481
00:23:10,000 --> 00:23:14,170
Na zinageuka kuwa kwa asili ya
IP, mbali yangu ya IP,

482
00:23:14,170 --> 00:23:18,277
unaweza infer, pamoja na baadhi ya uwezekano,
ambapo wewe ni katika dunia.

483
00:23:18,277 --> 00:23:20,110
Na kwa kweli kuna
Huduma chama cha tatu wewe

484
00:23:20,110 --> 00:23:24,480
Unaweza kulipa ambao kudumisha database
ya anwani ya IP na geographies

485
00:23:24,480 --> 00:23:28,660
kwamba kwa kujiamini juu itakuwa
kweli alipoulizwa, ambapo katika dunia

486
00:23:28,660 --> 00:23:30,090
ni anwani hii IP?

487
00:23:30,090 --> 00:23:32,130
>> Na hivyo kwa kweli ni nini
makampuni mengine kutumia hili?

488
00:23:32,130 --> 00:23:35,900
Kama una Hulu au Netflix, kama
wameweza milele imekuwa kusafiri nje ya nchi,

489
00:23:35,900 --> 00:23:38,640
na wewe kujaribu kuangalia kitu kwenye
Hulu, na wewe si katika Marekani,

490
00:23:38,640 --> 00:23:41,280
unaweza kuona ujumbe
akisema, si katika Marekani.

491
00:23:41,280 --> 00:23:43,208
Samahani, huwezi kuona maudhui hii.

492
00:23:43,208 --> 00:23:44,420
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

493
00:23:44,420 --> 00:23:46,020
>> DAVID Malan: Oh, kweli?

494
00:23:46,020 --> 00:23:48,480
Lakini ndiyo, hivyo kweli hiyo ni
matumizi kamili

495
00:23:48,480 --> 00:23:51,060
ya kitu kiufundi sana
tatizo halisi.

496
00:23:51,060 --> 00:23:55,100
Kama ungekuwa na VPN kutoka
Ulaya au Asia au mahali popote

497
00:23:55,100 --> 00:23:57,950
katika dunia ya ushirika yako
makao makuu mjini New York

498
00:23:57,950 --> 00:24:00,670
au popote ulipo, uko
kwenda kujenga kuonekana

499
00:24:00,670 --> 00:24:03,580
ya Nje nje kwamba
wewe ni kweli katika New York,

500
00:24:03,580 --> 00:24:05,660
hata kama wewe ni
kimwili mbali sana.

501
00:24:05,660 --> 00:24:08,057
>> Sasa user ni kwenda
kujua wewe ni wazi mbali.

502
00:24:08,057 --> 00:24:11,140
Lakini wewe ni pia kwenda kuhisi ni kwa sababu
ya milliseconds wale ziada.

503
00:24:11,140 --> 00:24:14,510
Hiyo umbali wa ziada na
encryption yale yanayotokea katika VPN

504
00:24:14,510 --> 00:24:15,760
ni kwenda kupunguza mambo chini.

505
00:24:15,760 --> 00:24:17,680
Hivyo ni wanaweza au si
kuwa na uzoefu mkubwa.

506
00:24:17,680 --> 00:24:21,050
Lakini Hulu na Netflix ni kwenda kuona
wewe kama kukaa mahali fulani katika New York,

507
00:24:21,050 --> 00:24:23,817
kama umefanya wazi zilizopatikana.

508
00:24:23,817 --> 00:24:25,150
Nini kamili ufumbuzi wa hilo.

509
00:24:25,150 --> 00:24:28,490
>> Haki ya wote, hivyo Jiografia ni uamuzi mmoja.

510
00:24:28,490 --> 00:24:32,290
Nini kingine inaweza tunatumia kuamua jinsi
kwa njia ya trafiki kutoka A, B, C na

511
00:24:32,290 --> 00:24:37,040
1, 2, na 3, tena, kuweka
uhandisi kofia juu?

512
00:24:37,040 --> 00:24:38,850
Hii yote sauti ngumu sana.

513
00:24:38,850 --> 00:24:41,490
Uh, mimi hata sijui ambapo
kuanza kutekeleza hayo.

514
00:24:41,490 --> 00:24:44,450
Nipe kitu ambacho ni rahisi.

515
00:24:44,450 --> 00:24:48,160
Nini njia rahisi
kufanya uamuzi huu?

516
00:24:48,160 --> 00:24:49,840
>> Watazamaji: Je, server inapatikana?

517
00:24:49,840 --> 00:24:51,650
>> DAVID Malan: Je, server inapatikana?

518
00:24:51,650 --> 00:24:53,970
Hivyo si mbaya.

519
00:24:53,970 --> 00:24:54,470
Hiyo ni nzuri.

520
00:24:54,470 --> 00:24:56,260
Hiyo ni aina ya nuancing ya mzigo.

521
00:24:56,260 --> 00:24:58,070
Basi hebu kuendelea kuwa katika mzigo jamii.

522
00:24:58,070 --> 00:25:00,010
Kama uko inapatikana, mimi nina tu
kwenda kupeleka data huko.

523
00:25:00,010 --> 00:25:01,343
Lakini hiyo unaweza kukwama haraka.

524
00:25:01,343 --> 00:25:05,720
Kwa sababu kama mimi kutumia mantiki hiyo, na kama mimi
daima kuuliza 1, ni wewe juu, ni wewe juu,

525
00:25:05,720 --> 00:25:08,970
ni wewe juu, kama jibu ni daima ndiyo,
Mimi nina kwenda kutuma 100% ya trafiki

526
00:25:08,970 --> 00:25:11,060
kwake, 0% kwa kila mtu mwingine.

527
00:25:11,060 --> 00:25:14,430
Na wakati fulani, tunakwenda hit
kuwa kushuka au tovuti hazipatikani.

528
00:25:14,430 --> 00:25:17,630
Basi nini kidogo bora kuliko
kwamba lakini bado pretty rahisi

529
00:25:17,630 --> 00:25:22,412
na karibu kama si wajanja kama kuchukua wote
hizi data za ziada katika akaunti?

530
00:25:22,412 --> 00:25:23,992
>> Watazamaji: Gharama kwa server.

531
00:25:23,992 --> 00:25:25,200
DAVID Malan: Gharama kwa server.

532
00:25:25,200 --> 00:25:28,010
OK, hivyo basi mimi kuwatupia kwamba
katika mzigo jamii, pia.

533
00:25:28,010 --> 00:25:30,790
Kwa sababu nini utapata katika
kampuni, too-- kwamba kama wewe

534
00:25:30,790 --> 00:25:32,790
kuboresha seva yako
baada ya muda au kununua zaidi,

535
00:25:32,790 --> 00:25:36,242
unaweza kuwa na uwezo wa kupata hasa
matoleo huo wa vifaa.

536
00:25:36,242 --> 00:25:37,450
Kwa sababu ni iko nje ya tarehe.

537
00:25:37,450 --> 00:25:38,491
Huwezi kununua tena.

538
00:25:38,491 --> 00:25:39,360
Bei kubadilika.

539
00:25:39,360 --> 00:25:42,500
>> Hivyo unaweza kuwa na watumishi disparate
katika nguzo yako, hivyo kusema.

540
00:25:42,500 --> 00:25:43,890
Hiyo ni kabisa faini.

541
00:25:43,890 --> 00:25:47,100
Lakini vifaa mwakani
inaweza kuwa mara mbili kwa haraka,

542
00:25:47,100 --> 00:25:49,390
mara mbili kuwa wana uwezo kama ya mwaka huu.

543
00:25:49,390 --> 00:25:51,500
Hivyo tunaweza toss kwamba
katika mzigo jamii.

544
00:25:51,500 --> 00:25:54,260
Hii kitanzi maoni kati ya 1,
2, na 3 katika mzigo balancer

545
00:25:54,260 --> 00:25:57,650
inaweza shaka kuwaambia hayo,
hey, mimi nina katika uwezo 50%.

546
00:25:57,650 --> 00:26:00,100
Lakini kwa njia, mimi pia
na cores mara mbili kama wengi.

547
00:26:00,100 --> 00:26:02,319
Kutumia taarifa hiyo.

548
00:26:02,319 --> 00:26:05,110
Hata simpler-- na hii ni kwenda
kuwa mandhari katika sayansi ya kompyuta.

549
00:26:05,110 --> 00:26:08,990
Wakati katika shaka, au wakati unataka rahisi
ufumbuzi kwamba kwa ujumla kazi vizuri

550
00:26:08,990 --> 00:26:12,730
baada ya muda, si kuchagua moja
server wakati wote, lakini choose--

551
00:26:12,730 --> 00:26:14,039
>> Watazamaji: moja random?

552
00:26:14,039 --> 00:26:15,330
DAVID Malan: --a random server.

553
00:26:15,330 --> 00:26:16,780
Yeah, kuchagua moja au nyingine.

554
00:26:16,780 --> 00:26:21,160
Hivyo randomness ni kweli
hii ingredient nguvu sana

555
00:26:21,160 --> 00:26:23,170
katika sayansi ya kompyuta,
na katika uhandisi zaidi

556
00:26:23,170 --> 00:26:27,160
ujumla, hasa wakati unataka
kufanya uamuzi rahisi kwa haraka

557
00:26:27,160 --> 00:26:30,480
bila complicating ni pamoja na yote
wa haya wajanja sana, lakini pia

558
00:26:30,480 --> 00:26:34,330
wajanja sana, ufumbuzi ambayo yanahitaji
yote ya uhandisi zaidi, kila

559
00:26:34,330 --> 00:26:36,220
mawazo zaidi, wakati
kweli, kwa nini sio mimi

560
00:26:36,220 --> 00:26:39,200
tu aina ya flip sarafu, au
tatu upande mmoja sarafu katika kesi hii,

561
00:26:39,200 --> 00:26:41,690
na kuamua kama kwenda 1, 2, 3?

562
00:26:41,690 --> 00:26:45,610
>> Kwamba wanaweza kukwama probabilistically,
lakini kiasi kama tabia mbaya

563
00:26:45,610 --> 00:26:48,860
ya flipping vichwa tena na
tena na tena na tena

564
00:26:48,860 --> 00:26:53,870
na tena na tena inawezekana katika
reality-- super, super uwezekano.

565
00:26:53,870 --> 00:26:58,170
Hivyo baada ya muda, ni tabia mbaya
tu kutuma watumiaji nasibu

566
00:26:58,170 --> 00:27:00,660
1, 2, na 3 ni kwenda
kazi nje kikamilifu faini.

567
00:27:00,660 --> 00:27:03,380
Na hii ni mbinu
ujumla inayojulikana kama robin pande zote.

568
00:27:03,380 --> 00:27:05,160
>> Au kweli, si kwamba pande zote robin.

569
00:27:05,160 --> 00:27:06,980
Hii itakuwa mbinu random.

570
00:27:06,980 --> 00:27:09,250
Na kama unataka kuwa hata
kidogo rahisi zaidi ya kwamba,

571
00:27:09,250 --> 00:27:12,820
pande zote robin itakuwa, mtu wa kwanza unaendelea
1, mtu wa pili kwa 2, mtu wa tatu

572
00:27:12,820 --> 00:27:16,056
3, mtu wa nne 1.

573
00:27:16,056 --> 00:27:17,430
Na humo uongo robin pande zote.

574
00:27:17,430 --> 00:27:19,580
Wewe tu aina ya kwenda karibu katika mzunguko.

575
00:27:19,580 --> 00:27:21,300
>> Sasa, unapaswa kuwa smart kuhusu hilo.

576
00:27:21,300 --> 00:27:26,490
Unapaswa upofu kutuma mtumiaji
server namba moja kama yale ni kesi?

577
00:27:26,490 --> 00:27:30,060

578
00:27:30,060 --> 00:27:32,870
Kama ni katika max uwezo, au
ni tu tena msikivu.

579
00:27:32,870 --> 00:27:35,270
Hivyo walau unataka baadhi
aina ya maoni kitanzi.

580
00:27:35,270 --> 00:27:38,040
Vinginevyo, wewe tu kutuma yote
ya watumiaji yako maiti ya mwisho.

581
00:27:38,040 --> 00:27:40,790
Lakini hiyo inaweza kuchukuliwa katika akaunti, pia.

582
00:27:40,790 --> 00:27:46,520
>> Hivyo si chini ya kufahamu thamani ya
tu randomness, ambayo ni mara nyingi kabisa

583
00:27:46,520 --> 00:27:48,970
ufumbuzi wa aina hii ya matatizo.

584
00:27:48,970 --> 00:27:51,580
Na tutaweza kuandika pande zote robin.

585
00:27:51,580 --> 00:27:55,090
Hivyo ni jinsi gani baadhi ya makampuni kutekeleza
pande zote robin au randomness

586
00:27:55,090 --> 00:27:56,840
au yoyote ya maamuzi haya?

587
00:27:56,840 --> 00:28:01,840
Naam bahati mbaya, wao
kufanya mambo kama hayo.

588
00:28:01,840 --> 00:28:03,660
Hebu vuta hadi screenshot mwingine haraka.

589
00:28:03,660 --> 00:28:13,052

590
00:28:13,052 --> 00:28:14,470
>> Kwa kweli, hebu kufanya mbili.

591
00:28:14,470 --> 00:28:17,420

592
00:28:17,420 --> 00:28:21,370
Sijui kwa nini tuko
kupata yote ya sahani hizi.

593
00:28:21,370 --> 00:28:22,280
Hiyo ni ajabu sana.

594
00:28:22,280 --> 00:28:31,714

595
00:28:31,714 --> 00:28:33,630
Yote ya haki, kile kweli
wanataka ni screenshot.

596
00:28:33,630 --> 00:28:36,990

597
00:28:36,990 --> 00:28:40,100
Hiyo ni weird.

598
00:28:40,100 --> 00:28:42,930
Haki ya wote, hivyo siwezi spoof hii.

599
00:28:42,930 --> 00:28:46,080
Sijui ni kiasi gani mbali
Mimi nataka kuweka scrolling.

600
00:28:46,080 --> 00:28:53,220
>> Hivyo kawaida sana, utapata mwenyewe
katika anwani kama www.2.acme.com,

601
00:28:53,220 --> 00:28:56,030
labda www.3 au 4 au 5.

602
00:28:56,030 --> 00:28:57,424
Na kushika jicho kwa hili.

603
00:28:57,424 --> 00:28:58,590
Huwezi kuona kwamba mara nyingi.

604
00:28:58,590 --> 00:29:02,621
Lakini wakati wa kufanya, ni aina ya inaelekea
kuwa kubwa, wakubwa, stodgier makampuni

605
00:29:02,621 --> 00:29:05,370
kwamba teknolojia si kweli
wanaonekana kujua nini re kufanya.

606
00:29:05,370 --> 00:29:08,150
Na unaona hii juu ya makampuni tech
wakati mwingine, wale wakubwa.

607
00:29:08,150 --> 00:29:09,270
>> Hivyo nini wanafanya?

608
00:29:09,270 --> 00:29:11,890
Jinsi ni wao kutekeleza
mzigo kusawazisha, ingekuwa hivyo kuonekana?

609
00:29:11,890 --> 00:29:15,986
Kama wewe mwenyewe kupata kama
user kuandika www.something.com,

610
00:29:15,986 --> 00:29:19,760
na ghafla uko katika
www.2.something.com,

611
00:29:19,760 --> 00:29:21,866
nini ina mzigo wao
balancer pengine kosa gani?

612
00:29:21,866 --> 00:29:22,741
Watazamaji: [inaudible]

613
00:29:22,741 --> 00:29:28,210

614
00:29:28,210 --> 00:29:31,079
>> DAVID Malan: Yeah, hivyo
balancer mzigo ni labda

615
00:29:31,079 --> 00:29:33,870
kufanya uamuzi kwa kuzingatia moja ya
uamuzi hizi kufanya processes--

616
00:29:33,870 --> 00:29:35,210
kweli haina jambo ambalo.

617
00:29:35,210 --> 00:29:38,650
Lakini kiasi kama nimekuwa inayotolewa
idadi ya juu ya bodi ya hapa,

618
00:29:38,650 --> 00:29:40,650
seva si tu
aitwaye 1, 2, na 3.

619
00:29:40,650 --> 00:29:43,870
Wao ni pengine kuitwa
www1, www2, www3.

620
00:29:43,870 --> 00:29:47,200
Na zinageuka kuwa ndani ya
ombi HTTP ni kipengele hiki.

621
00:29:47,200 --> 00:29:48,950
Na mimi nina kwenda kwa
kuiga hii kama ifuatavyo.

622
00:29:48,950 --> 00:29:53,230
>> Mimi nina kwenda kufungua hiyo
developer mtandao tab kama kabla tu

623
00:29:53,230 --> 00:29:55,560
ili tuweze kuona nini kinaendelea
chini ya Hood.

624
00:29:55,560 --> 00:29:57,130
Mimi nina kwenda kwa wazi screen.

625
00:29:57,130 --> 00:30:03,420
Na mimi nina kwenda kwa, hebu
kusema, http://harvard.edu.

626
00:30:03,420 --> 00:30:06,560
Sasa kwa ajili ya chochote
sababu za kibiashara, Harvard

627
00:30:06,560 --> 00:30:08,930
imeamua, kama wengi,
tovuti nyingine nyingi,

628
00:30:08,930 --> 00:30:12,712
standardize wake
tovuti ya www.harvard.edu

629
00:30:12,712 --> 00:30:14,420
kwa wote wa kiufundi
na masoko sababu.

630
00:30:14,420 --> 00:30:16,326
Ni tu aina ya katika
vogue kuwa na www.

631
00:30:16,326 --> 00:30:20,500
>> Hivyo server katika Harvard ina
kwa namna fulani kuelekeza user,

632
00:30:20,500 --> 00:30:23,830
kama mimi na kuendelea kusema, kutoka
URL mmoja hadi mwingine.

633
00:30:23,830 --> 00:30:24,670
Jinsi gani kwamba kazi?

634
00:30:24,670 --> 00:30:26,740
Naam, napenda kwenda mbele na kugonga kuingia.

635
00:30:26,740 --> 00:30:30,830
Na taarifa URL kweli haraka
iliyopita na www.harvard.edu.

636
00:30:30,830 --> 00:30:35,560
Hebu kitabu nyuma katika hili
historia na bonyeza Debug hii

637
00:30:35,560 --> 00:30:37,650
uchunguzi wa habari, kama wewe.

638
00:30:37,650 --> 00:30:39,170
Napenda kuangalia ombi langu.

639
00:30:39,170 --> 00:30:41,020
>> Hivyo hapa ni ombi mimi alifanya.

640
00:30:41,020 --> 00:30:44,870
Na taarifa ni sambamba na aina
ya kuomba mimi alifanya ya Facebook kabla.

641
00:30:44,870 --> 00:30:48,010
Lakini taarifa majibu.

642
00:30:48,010 --> 00:30:50,430
Nini tofauti katika
majibu wakati huu?

643
00:30:50,430 --> 00:30:51,890
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

644
00:30:51,890 --> 00:30:54,290
>> DAVID Malan: Yeah, hivyo si 200 OK.

645
00:30:54,290 --> 00:30:56,130
Siyo 404 Haukupatikana.

646
00:30:56,130 --> 00:31:00,150
Ni 301 Moved Kudumu, ambayo
ni aina ya njia funny ya kusema,

647
00:31:00,150 --> 00:31:05,270
Harvard ina upped na kuhamia
mahali pengine kwa www.harvard.edu.

648
00:31:05,270 --> 00:31:08,220
301 kunaashiria kwamba
hii ni kuelekeza.

649
00:31:08,220 --> 00:31:12,812
Na kwa ambapo lazima user
inaonekana kuwa itaelekezwa?

650
00:31:12,812 --> 00:31:15,520
Kuna tidbit ya ziada ya
habari ndani ya bahasha hiyo.

651
00:31:15,520 --> 00:31:19,650
Na kila mmoja wa mistari haya mapenzi sasa
kuanza wito HTTP header.

652
00:31:19,650 --> 00:31:23,620
Header ni tu thamani muhimu
pair-- kitu colon kitu.

653
00:31:23,620 --> 00:31:24,850
Ni kipande cha habari.

654
00:31:24,850 --> 00:31:27,131
Ambapo lazima mpya
eneo inaonekana kuwa?

655
00:31:27,131 --> 00:31:31,120

656
00:31:31,120 --> 00:31:33,692
Taarifa mstari wa mwisho
miongoni mwa headers wale wote.

657
00:31:33,692 --> 00:31:34,940
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

658
00:31:34,940 --> 00:31:37,148
>> DAVID Malan: Yeah, hivyo kuna
Taarifa za ziada.

659
00:31:37,148 --> 00:31:40,120
mstari wa kwanza kwamba nimepata yalionyesha
anasema 301 Moved Kudumu.

660
00:31:40,120 --> 00:31:42,820
Naam, ambapo ina wakiongozwa?

661
00:31:42,820 --> 00:31:45,340
line-- mwisho na hawana
kuwa katika utaratibu huu.

662
00:31:45,340 --> 00:31:47,020
Ni inaweza kuwa random.

663
00:31:47,020 --> 00:31:52,120
Eneo colon ina maana, hey
browser, kwenda URL hii badala yake.

664
00:31:52,120 --> 00:31:55,180
>> Hivyo browsers kuelewa HTTP maelekezo.

665
00:31:55,180 --> 00:31:57,540
Na hii ni sana, sana
kawaida njia ya bouncing

666
00:31:57,540 --> 00:31:59,680
user kutoka sehemu moja hadi nyingine.

667
00:31:59,680 --> 00:32:02,660
Kwa mfano, kama wameweza milele walijaribu
kutembelea tovuti ya kwamba wewe si

668
00:32:02,660 --> 00:32:06,360
watumiaji katika, unaweza ghafla kupata
mwenyewe katika URL mpya kabisa kuwa

669
00:32:06,360 --> 00:32:07,530
ilisababisha kuingia katika.

670
00:32:07,530 --> 00:32:08,400
>> Jinsi gani kwamba kazi?

671
00:32:08,400 --> 00:32:10,920
server pengine ni kutuma 301.

672
00:32:10,920 --> 00:32:14,510
Kuna pia idadi nyingine, kama
302, tofauti katika maana,

673
00:32:14,510 --> 00:32:16,490
kwamba kutuma wewe URL mwingine.

674
00:32:16,490 --> 00:32:18,770
Na kisha server,
mara moja umefanya watumiaji katika,

675
00:32:18,770 --> 00:32:22,000
nitakutuma nyuma ambapo
wewe kweli lengo.

676
00:32:22,000 --> 00:32:27,700
>> Hivyo kile, basi, ni hafifu
tovuti engineered kufanya?

677
00:32:27,700 --> 00:32:31,340
Wakati wewe kutembelea
www.acme.com, na wao tu

678
00:32:31,340 --> 00:32:35,490
kutokea kwa kuwa jina lake server yao
www1, www2, www3, na kadhalika,

679
00:32:35,490 --> 00:32:39,100
wao ni simply-- sana
ambayo ni haki, lakini sana

680
00:32:39,100 --> 00:32:46,080
aina ya foolishly-- imetuma wewe
server kweli tofauti aitwaye.

681
00:32:46,080 --> 00:32:48,650
Na ni kazi kikamilifu faini.

682
00:32:48,650 --> 00:32:49,930
Ni nzuri na rahisi.

683
00:32:49,930 --> 00:32:52,200
>> Tumeona jinsi gani kuwa
amefanya chini ya kofia

684
00:32:52,200 --> 00:32:53,490
katika bahasha virtual.

685
00:32:53,490 --> 00:32:56,450
Lakini kwa nini hili arguably
mbaya uhandisi uamuzi?

686
00:32:56,450 --> 00:33:00,345
Na kwa nini niko aina ya condescending
kuelekea uhandisi hasa hili

687
00:33:00,345 --> 00:33:00,845
mbinu?

688
00:33:00,845 --> 00:33:06,420

689
00:33:06,420 --> 00:33:07,850
Wanasema nini hii ni mbaya.

690
00:33:07,850 --> 00:33:09,375
Ben?

691
00:33:09,375 --> 00:33:10,250
Watazamaji: [inaudible]

692
00:33:10,250 --> 00:33:12,864

693
00:33:12,864 --> 00:33:16,030
DAVID Malan: Kila server ingekuwa
na nakala duplicate ya tovuti.

694
00:33:16,030 --> 00:33:16,738
Mimi nina OK na kwamba.

695
00:33:16,738 --> 00:33:19,490
Na kwa kweli, kwamba ni nini mimi nina
wakidhani kwa hadithi hii yote,

696
00:33:19,490 --> 00:33:22,104
tangu kama sisi wanted-- vizuri
kweli, isipokuwa kwa Dan mapema

697
00:33:22,104 --> 00:33:25,270
pendekezo, ambapo kama una tofauti
seva kufanya mambo tofauti, basi

698
00:33:25,270 --> 00:33:27,740
labda wangeweza kweli kuwa
functionally kufanya mambo mbalimbali.

699
00:33:27,740 --> 00:33:30,698
>> Lakini hata hivyo, wakati fulani, yako
database ni kwenda kupata overloaded.

700
00:33:30,698 --> 00:33:33,030
mali yako tuli server
ni kwenda kupata overloaded.

701
00:33:33,030 --> 00:33:34,850
Hivyo wakati fulani, tuko
nyuma katika hadithi hii, ambapo sisi

702
00:33:34,850 --> 00:33:36,475
haja nakala nyingi ya kitu kimoja.

703
00:33:36,475 --> 00:33:37,395
Kwa hiyo mimi nina OK na kwamba.

704
00:33:37,395 --> 00:33:38,270
Watazamaji: [inaudible]

705
00:33:38,270 --> 00:33:42,340

706
00:33:42,340 --> 00:33:45,350
>> DAVID Malan: OK, hivyo baadhi ya kurasa
inaweza kuwa allra maarufu.

707
00:33:45,350 --> 00:33:50,460
Na hivyo fixating juu ya anwani moja
ni si lazima kitu bora.

708
00:33:50,460 --> 00:33:51,110
[Inaudible]?

709
00:33:51,110 --> 00:33:51,985
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

710
00:33:51,985 --> 00:33:54,770

711
00:33:54,770 --> 00:33:57,623
>> DAVID Malan: Ni nini maana na kwamba?

712
00:33:57,623 --> 00:33:58,498
Watazamaji: [inaudible]

713
00:33:58,498 --> 00:34:03,820

714
00:34:03,820 --> 00:34:05,072
>> DAVID Malan: Yeah, hasa.

715
00:34:05,072 --> 00:34:07,280
Hivyo huna wanataka
lazima have-- wewe hakika

716
00:34:07,280 --> 00:34:11,370
hawataki kuwa na watumiaji yako
manually kuandika katika www1 au www2.

717
00:34:11,370 --> 00:34:14,550
Kutokana na mtazamo branding, ni
tu inaonekana kidogo ujinga.

718
00:34:14,550 --> 00:34:17,340
Kama unataka tu aina ya
safi, kifahari uzoefu,

719
00:34:17,340 --> 00:34:20,364
kuwa na aina hizi za nasibu
kuhesabiwa URLs kweli si nzuri.

720
00:34:20,364 --> 00:34:22,780
Kwa sababu basi watumiaji ni hakika
kwenda nakala na kuweka yao

721
00:34:22,780 --> 00:34:24,449
katika barua pepe au ujumbe wa papo.

722
00:34:24,449 --> 00:34:25,659
>> Sasa ni kueneza.

723
00:34:25,659 --> 00:34:28,600
Sasa wewe ni aina ya kuwachanganya yako
chini watazamaji kiufundi, ambaye anadhani

724
00:34:28,600 --> 00:34:32,239
mtandao anwani yako ni www2.something.com.

725
00:34:32,239 --> 00:34:35,434
Hakuna semantiki kulazimisha hiyo.

726
00:34:35,434 --> 00:34:38,100
Ni hutokea tu kuwa msingi
undani kiufundi ambayo wameweza

727
00:34:38,100 --> 00:34:40,190
kuhesabiwa seva yako kwa njia hii.

728
00:34:40,190 --> 00:34:45,760
>> Na mbaya zaidi bado, nini kama, kwa mfano,
labda karibu Krismasi wakati

729
00:34:45,760 --> 00:34:50,090
biashara ni kweli unazidi kukua,
nimepata www1 kupitia www99,

730
00:34:50,090 --> 00:34:53,530
lakini katika Januari na Februari na
kuendelea, kugeuka mbali nusu ya wale

731
00:34:53,530 --> 00:34:56,440
hivyo tu kuwa www1 kupitia www50?

732
00:34:56,440 --> 00:35:01,963
Nini maana sasa kwa kuwa
busara sana biashara uamuzi?

733
00:35:01,963 --> 00:35:02,838
Watazamaji: [inaudible]

734
00:35:02,838 --> 00:35:05,628

735
00:35:05,628 --> 00:35:07,752
DAVID Malan: Unahitaji
kusimamia yote ya wale ambao bado.

736
00:35:07,752 --> 00:35:10,515
Watazamaji: [inaudible]

737
00:35:10,515 --> 00:35:11,390
DAVID Malan: Hasa.

738
00:35:11,390 --> 00:35:12,681
Hiyo ni aina ya samaki huko.

739
00:35:12,681 --> 00:35:16,800
Kama wateja wako ni katika tabia ya
bookmarking mambo, emailing yao, tu

740
00:35:16,800 --> 00:35:19,351
kuokoa URL mahali fulani, au
kama ni tu katika auto zao

741
00:35:19,351 --> 00:35:22,350
kukamilisha katika browser zao ili wao uko
si kweli kwa makusudi kuandika,

742
00:35:22,350 --> 00:35:25,560
ni kinatokea tu, wanaweza,
kwa miezi 11 kati ya mwaka

743
00:35:25,560 --> 00:35:27,190
kwa ufanisi, kufikia mwisho wafu.

744
00:35:27,190 --> 00:35:30,100
Na tu wajanja zaidi ya
watumiaji ni kwenda kutambua,

745
00:35:30,100 --> 00:35:32,040
labda mimi lazima manually
kuondoa idadi hii.

746
00:35:32,040 --> 00:35:35,610
I mean, ni tu si kwenda kutokea
na watumiaji wengi, hivyo mbaya kwa ajili ya biashara,

747
00:35:35,610 --> 00:35:37,750
mbaya utekelezaji uhandisi busara.

748
00:35:37,750 --> 00:35:40,230
>> Hivyo nashiriki, siyo hata muhimu.

749
00:35:40,230 --> 00:35:43,120
Ni zinageuka kuwa kile
mzigo balancers anaweza kufanya

750
00:35:43,120 --> 00:35:48,130
ni badala ya kusema, wakati A
hufanya request-- hey A, kwenda 1.

751
00:35:48,130 --> 00:35:50,280
Kwa maneno mengine, badala
ya kutuma kwamba kuelekeza

752
00:35:50,280 --> 00:35:53,540
kiasi kwamba hatua moja katika hili
mchakato ni go hapa,

753
00:35:53,540 --> 00:35:55,280
yeye ni kisha aliambiwa kwenda mahali pengine.

754
00:35:55,280 --> 00:35:57,530
Na hivyo hatua tatu ni, yeye huenda mahali pengine.

755
00:35:57,530 --> 00:36:04,600
>> Unaweza badala kuendelea njia, kwa
kuendelea kutumia neno hilo, wote wa data A

756
00:36:04,600 --> 00:36:10,590
kupitia balancer mzigo ili yeye
kamwe mawasiliano 1, 2, au 3 moja kwa moja.

757
00:36:10,590 --> 00:36:15,150
Wote wa trafiki haina kupata "kupelekwa"
na mzigo balancer yenyewe.

758
00:36:15,150 --> 00:36:17,524
Na hivyo sasa sisi ni aina ya
makusudi blurring mistari

759
00:36:17,524 --> 00:36:18,690
miongoni mwa vifaa hivi mbalimbali.

760
00:36:18,690 --> 00:36:20,930
mzigo balancer Unaweza data njia.

761
00:36:20,930 --> 00:36:22,435
Ni tu kazi ambayo ina.

762
00:36:22,435 --> 00:36:25,420
>> Hivyo mzigo balancer, pia, ni
kipande cha programu, kwa kweli.

763
00:36:25,420 --> 00:36:27,130
Na router ni kipande cha programu.

764
00:36:27,130 --> 00:36:29,660
Na unaweza kabisa kuwa
vipande viwili vya programu ndani ya

765
00:36:29,660 --> 00:36:34,000
ya kompyuta moja kimwili ili mzigo
balancer wanaweza kufanya mambo haya mbalimbali.

766
00:36:34,000 --> 00:36:36,130
>> Hivyo kuna njia nyingine moja
kufanya hili, ambayo kwa kweli

767
00:36:36,130 --> 00:36:39,670
anarejea aina ya kanuni za kwanza
ya DNS, ambayo kuongelea

768
00:36:39,670 --> 00:36:40,230
kabla ya mapumziko.

769
00:36:40,230 --> 00:36:41,634
DNS alikuwa Domain Jina System.

770
00:36:41,634 --> 00:36:43,550
Kumbuka kwamba unaweza
kuuliza DNS server, nini

771
00:36:43,550 --> 00:36:46,460
anwani ya IP ya
google.com, facebook.com?

772
00:36:46,460 --> 00:36:48,250
>> Na tunaweza kweli kufanya hivyo.

773
00:36:48,250 --> 00:36:51,940
chombo hatukuwa kutumia mapema ni
moja tu kwamba kama kupatikana,

774
00:36:51,940 --> 00:36:55,510
aitwaye nslookup, kwa jina server Luke.

775
00:36:55,510 --> 00:36:57,410
Na mimi nina kwenda tu aina facebook.com.

776
00:36:57,410 --> 00:37:02,500
Na mimi kuona kwamba Facebook ya IP
anuani ni inaonekana hii.

777
00:37:02,500 --> 00:37:05,520
Hebu kwenda mbele na nakala
kwamba, kwenda browser,

778
00:37:05,520 --> 00:37:11,690
na kwenda http: // na kwamba
IP na kugonga kuingia.

779
00:37:11,690 --> 00:37:14,140
Na uhakika wa kutosha, inaonekana kufanya kazi.

780
00:37:14,140 --> 00:37:18,610
>> Sasa kufanya kazi nyuma, nini ilikuwa
ndani ya bahasha virtual

781
00:37:18,610 --> 00:37:25,454
kwamba Facebook alijibu kwa wakati
Nilitembelea kwamba IP kushughulikia moja kwa moja?

782
00:37:25,454 --> 00:37:26,745
Kwa sababu ilani, ambapo mimi sasa?

783
00:37:26,745 --> 00:37:29,250

784
00:37:29,250 --> 00:37:32,484
Niko wapi sasa, anwani?

785
00:37:32,484 --> 00:37:33,450
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

786
00:37:33,450 --> 00:37:36,116
>> DAVID Malan: Wakati version salama,
na wakati www.facebook.com.

787
00:37:36,116 --> 00:37:38,520
Hivyo si hata tu
anuani salama IP.

788
00:37:38,520 --> 00:37:42,650
Picha imechukua juu ya wenyewe
kusema, hii ni ujinga.

789
00:37:42,650 --> 00:37:45,710
Sisi siyo kwenda kuweka wewe katika hii
ugly kuangalia URL hiyo ni nambari.

790
00:37:45,710 --> 00:37:50,120
Tunakwenda kutuma wewe HTTP
kuelekeza kwa njia ya kichwa kwamba huo

791
00:37:50,120 --> 00:37:53,010
kuwa tuliona kabla,
eneo colon kitu.

792
00:37:53,010 --> 00:37:56,340
>> Na hivyo hii ina maana kwamba tu chini
kofia bado ni anwani hii IP.

793
00:37:56,340 --> 00:37:59,010
Kila kompyuta kwenye mtandao
anwani ya IP, inaweza kuonekana.

794
00:37:59,010 --> 00:38:01,480
Lakini si lazima kuwa
kuwafichua kwamba kwa mtumiaji.

795
00:38:01,480 --> 00:38:07,190
Na mengi kama nyuma katika siku, kuna
Ilikuwa 1-800-kukusanya, 1-800-C-O-L-L-E-C-T,

796
00:38:07,190 --> 00:38:11,700
nchini Marekani, ilikuwa ni njia ya kufanya kukusanya
wito kupitia simu kwa urahisi sana kukumbukwa

797
00:38:11,700 --> 00:38:17,140
la posta, au 1-800-Mattress kununua kitanda,
na mnemonics sawa kwamba wewe hata kuona

798
00:38:17,140 --> 00:38:20,460
juu ya simu aina ya aina ya
bado, kwamba barua ramani kwa idadi.

799
00:38:20,460 --> 00:38:21,470
>> Sasa, kwa nini ni kwamba?

800
00:38:21,470 --> 00:38:26,080
Naam, ni rahisi sana kwa kukariri
1-800-godoro au 1-800-KUKUSANYA badala

801
00:38:26,080 --> 00:38:29,100
ya 1-800 kitu kitu kitu
kitu kitu kitu

802
00:38:29,100 --> 00:38:31,030
kitu, ambapo kila
ya wale ni tarakimu.

803
00:38:31,030 --> 00:38:34,390
Vile vile, dunia kujifunza
haraka kwamba sisi hawapaswi

804
00:38:34,390 --> 00:38:35,940
na watu kukariri anwani ya IP.

805
00:38:35,940 --> 00:38:36,826
Hiyo itakuwa silly.

806
00:38:36,826 --> 00:38:38,200
Tunakwenda kutumia majina badala yake.

807
00:38:38,200 --> 00:38:40,420
Na hii ndiyo maana DNS alizaliwa.

808
00:38:40,420 --> 00:38:45,510
>> Haki ya wote, hivyo kwa kuwa alisema, katika suala
ya mzigo kusawazisha, hebu jaribu yahoo.com.

809
00:38:45,510 --> 00:38:47,030
Naam, hiyo ni ya kuvutia.

810
00:38:47,030 --> 00:38:51,464
Yahoo inaonekana kuwa kurudi IPS tatu.

811
00:38:51,464 --> 00:38:53,940
Hivyo infer kutoka hii,
kama unaweza, ni nini

812
00:38:53,940 --> 00:38:58,600
njia nyingine ambayo tunaweza kutekeleza
wazo hili la kusawazisha mzigo

813
00:38:58,600 --> 00:39:04,310
labda bila hata kutumia kimwili
kifaa, hii mpya kimwili kifaa?

814
00:39:04,310 --> 00:39:08,070
>> Kwa maneno mengine, naweza kuchukua mbali
ufadhili una kwa mzigo balancer

815
00:39:08,070 --> 00:39:10,990
na kukuambia kutumia baadhi zilizopo
kipande ya vifaa kutekeleza

816
00:39:10,990 --> 00:39:12,680
wazo hili la kusawazisha mzigo?

817
00:39:12,680 --> 00:39:18,870

818
00:39:18,870 --> 00:39:22,510
Naye mwenye kuteka nyara ni,
ndiyo, lakini ni nini, au ni jinsi gani?

819
00:39:22,510 --> 00:39:27,605
Je, ni Yahoo labda kufanya hapa?

820
00:39:27,605 --> 00:39:29,200
Kareem?

821
00:39:29,200 --> 00:39:30,635
OK, Chris?

822
00:39:30,635 --> 00:39:31,510
Watazamaji: [inaudible]

823
00:39:31,510 --> 00:39:35,119

824
00:39:35,119 --> 00:39:36,910
DAVID Malan: Yeah, kila
mitatu ya kazi hizo.

825
00:39:36,910 --> 00:39:39,890
Hivyo randomness, pande zote robin,
location-- unaweza tu

826
00:39:39,890 --> 00:39:44,160
kujiinua kipande wa sasa wa puzzle
kwamba kuongelea awali ya DNS

827
00:39:44,160 --> 00:39:49,580
mfumo na tu kusema, wakati wa kwanza
mtumiaji wa siku maombi yahoo.com,

828
00:39:49,580 --> 00:39:52,970
kuwapa IP kwanza,
kama moja na kuishia katika 45 hadi pale.

829
00:39:52,970 --> 00:39:55,762
Na wakati mwingine maombi user
anwani ya IP ya yahoo.com

830
00:39:55,762 --> 00:39:57,970
kutoka mahali fulani katika ulimwengu,
kuwapa IP pili,

831
00:39:57,970 --> 00:39:59,920
kisha IP ya tatu, ndipo
kwanza IP, kisha ya pili.

832
00:39:59,920 --> 00:40:01,850
Au kuwa smart kuhusu hilo
na kufanya hivyo graphically.

833
00:40:01,850 --> 00:40:05,200
Au je, ni nasibu na si tu kufanya
yake pande zote robin kwa mtindo huu.

834
00:40:05,200 --> 00:40:07,580
>> Na katika kesi hii, basi
hatuna hata haja

835
00:40:07,580 --> 00:40:10,190
kuanzisha nyeusi huu
sanduku katika picha wetu.

836
00:40:10,190 --> 00:40:11,690
Hatuna haja ya kifaa mpya.

837
00:40:11,690 --> 00:40:16,930
Tuko tu kuwaambia kompyuta
kwenda kwa watumishi moja kwa moja,

838
00:40:16,930 --> 00:40:18,680
ufanisi, lakini si
kwa njia ya majina yao.

839
00:40:18,680 --> 00:40:20,054
Wao kamwe haja ya kujua jina.

840
00:40:20,054 --> 00:40:25,690
Wao ni tu kuambiwa kuwa yahoo.com
ramani ya mtu yeyote wa IP hizi.

841
00:40:25,690 --> 00:40:28,180
>> Hivyo inapeleka halisi ombi moja.

842
00:40:28,180 --> 00:40:30,100
Lakini nje ya
bahasha, ni tu

843
00:40:30,100 --> 00:40:32,740
unaweka IP kuwa ni mara taarifa ya.

844
00:40:32,740 --> 00:40:35,590
Na kwa njia hii, pia, naweza
sisi mzigo kusawazisha maombi

845
00:40:35,590 --> 00:40:39,330
na tu kutuma bahasha kwa
tofauti moja ya Yahoo servrar wenyewe?

846
00:40:39,330 --> 00:40:42,390
>> Na kama sisi kuendelea kuchimba, tutaona
pengine makampuni mengine na zaidi.

847
00:40:42,390 --> 00:40:44,380
CNN ina mbili wazi kwa umma.

848
00:40:44,380 --> 00:40:49,610
Ingawa kwa kweli kama sisi kufanya hivyo tena
na again-- cnn.com-- unaweza kuona

849
00:40:49,610 --> 00:40:51,730
re kubadilisha utaratibu, kwa kweli.

850
00:40:51,730 --> 00:40:56,680
Hivyo utaratibu gani ni
CNN kutumia, inaonekana?

851
00:40:56,680 --> 00:40:57,440
>> Watazamaji: Random.

852
00:40:57,440 --> 00:40:59,440
DAVID Malan: Naam, ni
inaweza kuwa random, ingawa

853
00:40:59,440 --> 00:41:01,110
inaonekana kuwa baiskeli na kurudi.

854
00:41:01,110 --> 00:41:04,380
Hivyo ni pengine pande zote robin ambapo
re byte tu ili ili

855
00:41:04,380 --> 00:41:05,880
kwamba mimi itabidi labda kuchukua kwanza.

856
00:41:05,880 --> 00:41:08,860
kompyuta yangu itachukua
kwanza kila wakati.

857
00:41:08,860 --> 00:41:10,490
Hivyo hiyo ni mzigo kusawazisha.

858
00:41:10,490 --> 00:41:18,450
Na kwamba inaruhusu sisi, hatimaye,
ramani data, au maombi ramani,

859
00:41:18,450 --> 00:41:21,240
katika seva nyingi.

860
00:41:21,240 --> 00:41:24,226
Hivyo ni aina gani ya
matatizo sasa bado zipo?

861
00:41:24,226 --> 00:41:26,350
Ni anahisi kama sisi tu kweli
kutatuliwa tatizo nzuri.

862
00:41:26,350 --> 00:41:28,740
Tulipata watumiaji seva tofauti.

863
00:41:28,740 --> 00:41:31,420
But-- loo, na Chris, alifanya
una swali kabla?

864
00:41:31,420 --> 00:41:34,378
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

865
00:41:34,378 --> 00:41:43,670

866
00:41:43,670 --> 00:41:45,120
>> DAVID Malan: Totally inategemea.

867
00:41:45,120 --> 00:41:47,042
Hivyo kile kinachotokea hapa?

868
00:41:47,042 --> 00:41:48,250
Na tunaweza kweli kuona hii.

869
00:41:48,250 --> 00:41:51,649
Basi hebu jaribu Yahoo.

870
00:41:51,649 --> 00:41:52,940
Kwa kweli, hebu kwenda Facebook.

871
00:41:52,940 --> 00:41:54,520
Kwa sababu tunajua kwamba moja ya kazi.

872
00:41:54,520 --> 00:41:56,545
Hivyo mimi nina kwenda nakala
kwamba anwani ya IP tena.

873
00:41:56,545 --> 00:41:58,820
Mimi nina kwenda karibu tabo haya yote.

874
00:41:58,820 --> 00:42:03,800
Mimi nina kwenda wazi kwamba
mtandao maalum tab chini hapa.

875
00:42:03,800 --> 00:42:07,800
Na mimi nina kwenda kutembelea tu http: //.

876
00:42:07,800 --> 00:42:10,694
Na sasa mimi nina kwenda hit Enter.

877
00:42:10,694 --> 00:42:11,860
Na hebu angalia kile kilichotokea.

878
00:42:11,860 --> 00:42:20,662
>> Kama mimi kuangalia kwamba ombi, ilani
kwamba Facebook my-- ni mfano mbaya.

879
00:42:20,662 --> 00:42:22,370
Kwa sababu wana
mbinu super dhana

880
00:42:22,370 --> 00:42:25,960
afichaye kwamba kwa undani kutoka kwetu.

881
00:42:25,960 --> 00:42:30,690
Napenda kutumia Yahoo
instead-- http: // IP hiyo.

882
00:42:30,690 --> 00:42:36,030
Hebu kufungua mtandao wetu
tab, kuhifadhi gogo.

883
00:42:36,030 --> 00:42:37,945
Na hapa sisi kwenda, kuingia.

884
00:42:37,945 --> 00:42:40,669

885
00:42:40,669 --> 00:42:41,210
Hiyo ni funny.

886
00:42:41,210 --> 00:42:44,480
OK, hivyo hapa ni famed 404 ujumbe.

887
00:42:44,480 --> 00:42:48,500
Nini funny hapa ni kwamba wao
pengine kamwe itakuwa nyuma.

888
00:42:48,500 --> 00:42:51,430
Kwa sababu kuna pengine
si kitu kibaya per se.

889
00:42:51,430 --> 00:42:54,050
Wana tu kwa makusudi
aliamua kusaidia

890
00:42:54,050 --> 00:42:56,250
numeric fomu ya anuani zao.

891
00:42:56,250 --> 00:43:00,270
>> Hivyo kile sisi ni kweli kuona katika
Network tab, kama mimi kuvuta hii hapa,

892
00:43:00,270 --> 00:43:06,140
ni, kama mimi kusema, famed 404, ambapo
kama mimi kuangalia headers majibu,

893
00:43:06,140 --> 00:43:09,070
hii ni nini mimi got here-- 404 Haukupatikana.

894
00:43:09,070 --> 00:43:11,360
Basi hebu jaribu moja nyingine.

895
00:43:11,360 --> 00:43:13,180
Hebu tuone kama CNN inashirikiana na sisi.

896
00:43:13,180 --> 00:43:19,440
Mimi itabidi kunyakua moja ya IP CNN,
wazi hii, http, dah, dah, dah, dah.

897
00:43:19,440 --> 00:43:21,620
Hivyo katika jibu la Chris ya
swali, kwamba mtu kazi.

898
00:43:21,620 --> 00:43:24,140

899
00:43:24,140 --> 00:43:26,255
>> Na hebu kwenda headers majibu.

900
00:43:26,255 --> 00:43:30,810

901
00:43:30,810 --> 00:43:33,640
Kweli hakuna, haki ya wote, mimi niko
wanajitahidi kupata mfano kufanya kazi.

902
00:43:33,640 --> 00:43:38,270
Hivyo CNN imeamua, tutaweza kuondoka wewe tu
katika chochote anwani wewe kweli kutembelea,

903
00:43:38,270 --> 00:43:40,359
masuala branding kando.

904
00:43:40,359 --> 00:43:43,275
Lakini nini bila kuwa na kinachotokea, kama
tunaweza kuona hivyo katika kesi ya Facebook,

905
00:43:43,275 --> 00:43:46,700
ni tunataka kupata 301 Moved
Kudumu, uwezekano mkubwa,

906
00:43:46,700 --> 00:43:54,420
ndani ya ambayo ni
eneo: https: //www.facebook.com.

907
00:43:54,420 --> 00:44:01,210
Na ni tabia mbaya www.facebook.com ni
alias kwa halisi server huo sisi tu

908
00:44:01,210 --> 00:44:01,710
akaenda.

909
00:44:01,710 --> 00:44:03,500
>> Hivyo ni counterproductive kidogo.

910
00:44:03,500 --> 00:44:05,170
Sisi ni literally kutembelea server.

911
00:44:05,170 --> 00:44:07,040
server ni kisha kutuambia, kwenda mbali.

912
00:44:07,040 --> 00:44:08,320
Nenda kwa anwani hii mengine.

913
00:44:08,320 --> 00:44:10,870
Lakini sisi tu hivyo kutokea kwa kuwa
kurejea kwa server kwamba huo.

914
00:44:10,870 --> 00:44:14,550
Lakini labda sisi sasa kukaa juu ya kwamba
server bila hii nyuma na kurudi.

915
00:44:14,550 --> 00:44:18,600
Kwa sababu sasa sisi ni kutumia jina lake
toleo la tovuti, si nambari.

916
00:44:18,600 --> 00:44:20,060
swali zuri.

917
00:44:20,060 --> 00:44:23,690
>> OK, hivyo kama sisi sasa assume-- sisi
kuwa na kutatuliwa mzigo kusawazisha.

918
00:44:23,690 --> 00:44:25,894
Kwa sasa tuna utaratibu,
kama ni kupitia DNS,

919
00:44:25,894 --> 00:44:29,060
kama ni kupitia sanduku hii nyeusi, iwe
ni kwa kutumia yoyote ya mbinu hizi.

920
00:44:29,060 --> 00:44:33,810
Tunaweza kuchukua ombi mtumiaji katika na
kufikiri ambayo server, 1, 2, au 3,

921
00:44:33,810 --> 00:44:35,420
kwa kutuma kwake.

922
00:44:35,420 --> 00:44:39,180
>> Nini kuanza kuvunja kuhusu tovuti yetu?

923
00:44:39,180 --> 00:44:41,160
Kwa maneno mengine, tuna
kujengwa biashara kwamba

924
00:44:41,160 --> 00:44:43,480
awali alikuwa kwenye server moja.

925
00:44:43,480 --> 00:44:46,870
Sasa kwa kuwa biashara ni mbio
katika seva nyingi.

926
00:44:46,870 --> 00:44:51,770
Ni aina gani ya mawazo,
ni aina gani ya kubuni maamuzi,

927
00:44:51,770 --> 00:44:54,870
ili sasa kuvunja?

928
00:44:54,870 --> 00:44:55,745
>> Hii ni chini ya dhahiri.

929
00:44:55,745 --> 00:44:58,620
Lakini hebu angalia kama hatuwezi kuweka yetu
kidole juu ya baadhi ya tatizo tumekuwa

930
00:44:58,620 --> 00:44:59,780
kuundwa kwa wenyewe.

931
00:44:59,780 --> 00:45:02,750
Tena, ni aina ya kama kuikopesha
chini kuvuja kwa hose.

932
00:45:02,750 --> 00:45:05,094
Na sasa baadhi suala mpya
ina popped up juu hapa.

933
00:45:05,094 --> 00:45:07,880

934
00:45:07,880 --> 00:45:11,380
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

935
00:45:11,380 --> 00:45:16,574

936
00:45:16,574 --> 00:45:19,240
DAVID Malan: Sawa, hivyo tuna
kuendelea kukua disk kwa bidii nafasi.

937
00:45:19,240 --> 00:45:20,450
Mimi nina sawa na kwamba hivi sasa.

938
00:45:20,450 --> 00:45:23,212
Kwa sababu nadhani naweza
usawa wadogo.

939
00:45:23,212 --> 00:45:26,420
Kama kama mimi nina mbio chini, mimi itabidi kupata tu
nne server, labda server tano,

940
00:45:26,420 --> 00:45:30,820
na kisha kuongeza uwezo wetu
na mwingine 30% au 50% au whatnot.

941
00:45:30,820 --> 00:45:32,759
Kwa hiyo mimi nina sawa na kwamba, angalau kwa sasa.

942
00:45:32,759 --> 00:45:33,634
Watazamaji: [inaudible]

943
00:45:33,634 --> 00:45:37,314

944
00:45:37,314 --> 00:45:38,980
DAVID Malan: OK, hivyo hiyo ni hatua nzuri.

945
00:45:38,980 --> 00:45:42,340
Hivyo tuseme watumishi
si kufanana.

946
00:45:42,340 --> 00:45:45,260
Na huduma kwa wateja
au sawa email

947
00:45:45,260 --> 00:45:48,690
ni kupata ujumbe baadhi kutoka kwa mtumiaji
akisema, hii si kazi ya haki.

948
00:45:48,690 --> 00:45:52,070
Inawezekana sana, wakati mwingine,
kwamba watumishi labda moja au zaidi

949
00:45:52,070 --> 00:45:55,000
ni kaimu bit awry, lakini si
wengine, ambayo inaweza hakika

950
00:45:55,000 --> 00:45:57,096
kufanya ni vigumu baada ya chini suala hilo.

951
00:45:57,096 --> 00:45:58,720
Unaweza kuwa na kuangalia maeneo mbalimbali.

952
00:45:58,720 --> 00:46:00,960
>> Hiyo ni udhihirisho
ya aina nyingine ya mdudu,

953
00:46:00,960 --> 00:46:03,950
ambayo ni kwamba wewe pengine lazima
wamebuni miundombinu yako ili

954
00:46:03,950 --> 00:46:06,200
kwamba kila kitu ni kweli kufanana.

955
00:46:06,200 --> 00:46:10,390
Lakini haina yatangaza tatizo mpya
kwamba hatukuwa na kabla.

956
00:46:10,390 --> 00:46:11,715
Kipi kingine?

957
00:46:11,715 --> 00:46:12,590
Watazamaji: [inaudible]

958
00:46:12,590 --> 00:46:16,390

959
00:46:16,390 --> 00:46:19,500
>> DAVID Malan: Yeah,
kuna zaidi utata.

960
00:46:19,500 --> 00:46:20,792
Kuna waya kimwili zaidi.

961
00:46:20,792 --> 00:46:21,750
Kuna kifaa kingine.

962
00:46:21,750 --> 00:46:26,310
Kwa kweli, nimekuwa ilianzisha msingi
dhana na tatizo la msingi hapa

963
00:46:26,310 --> 00:46:28,300
inayojulikana kama hatua moja
ya kushindwa, ambayo,

964
00:46:28,300 --> 00:46:30,110
hata kama wewe sijawahi kusikia
maneno, pengine unaweza

965
00:46:30,110 --> 00:46:31,780
sasa kazi ya nyuma na takwimu ni nje.

966
00:46:31,780 --> 00:46:35,560
Ina maana gani kwamba nina single
hatua ya kushindwa katika usanifu wangu?

967
00:46:35,560 --> 00:46:39,694
Na kwa usanifu, mimi tu
maana topolojia ya hiyo.

968
00:46:39,694 --> 00:46:40,610
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

969
00:46:40,610 --> 00:46:42,901
>> DAVID Malan: Yeah, nini kama
mzigo balancer huenda chini?

970
00:46:42,901 --> 00:46:46,290
Nimekuwa kuingizwa huu mtu katikati ambaye
lengo katika maisha ni ya kutatua tatizo.

971
00:46:46,290 --> 00:46:47,740
Lakini nimepata ilianzisha tatizo mpya.

972
00:46:47,740 --> 00:46:49,350
leak mpya ina imeibuka katika hose.

973
00:46:49,350 --> 00:46:53,500
Kwa sababu sasa kama mzigo balancer
akifa au mapumziko au misfunctions,

974
00:46:53,500 --> 00:46:56,350
sasa mimi kupoteza upatikanaji wa
zote tatu za watumishi wangu.

975
00:46:56,350 --> 00:46:58,880
Na kabla, sikuwa
kuwa middleman hii.

976
00:46:58,880 --> 00:47:03,020
Na hivyo hili ni tatizo mpya, arguably.

977
00:47:03,020 --> 00:47:05,245
Tutaweza kurudi kwa
jinsi tupate kurekebisha hiyo.

978
00:47:05,245 --> 00:47:06,734
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

979
00:47:06,734 --> 00:47:08,400
DAVID Malan: Hiyo itakuwa njia moja.

980
00:47:08,400 --> 00:47:13,926
Yeah, na hivyo hii ni kwenda kuwa kabisa
shimo panya ya sisi kuanza kwenda chini.

981
00:47:13,926 --> 00:47:15,800
Lakini hebu kurudi
kwamba katika muda tu.

982
00:47:15,800 --> 00:47:17,299
Matatizo gani wengine sisi aliumba?

983
00:47:17,299 --> 00:47:25,540

984
00:47:25,540 --> 00:47:27,470
>> Hivyo Dan zilizotajwa database kabla.

985
00:47:27,470 --> 00:47:29,500
Na hata kama wewe si
pia ukoo kitaalam,

986
00:47:29,500 --> 00:47:33,220
database ni tu server ambapo
kubadilisha data ni kawaida kuhifadhiwa,

987
00:47:33,220 --> 00:47:36,430
labda ili mtu ameweka,
user profile yako, jina lako,

988
00:47:36,430 --> 00:47:40,810
barua pepe yako, mambo ambayo huenda
kuwa inputted au iliyopita baada ya muda.

989
00:47:40,810 --> 00:47:44,599
>> Hapo awali, database yangu ilikuwa juu ya
server sawa kama mtandao wa kompyuta yangu.

990
00:47:44,599 --> 00:47:46,390
Kwa sababu mimi tu alikuwa mmoja
mtandao mwenyeji akaunti.

991
00:47:46,390 --> 00:47:48,480
Kila kitu kilikuwa katika sehemu moja.

992
00:47:48,480 --> 00:47:54,200
Ambapo lazima mimi kuweka database yangu
sasa, juu ya server 1, 2, au 3?

993
00:47:54,200 --> 00:47:55,100
>> Watazamaji: 4.

994
00:47:55,100 --> 00:47:58,070
>> DAVID Malan: 4, OK, kila
haki, hivyo hebu kwenda huko.

995
00:47:58,070 --> 00:48:01,650
Hivyo mimi nina kwenda kuweka yangu
database-- na hebu

996
00:48:01,650 --> 00:48:06,520
kuanza kuipatia haya www, www, www.

997
00:48:06,520 --> 00:48:08,780
Na mimi nina kwenda kusema,
hii ni namba nne.

998
00:48:08,780 --> 00:48:11,270
Na mimi itabidi kusema db kwa database.

999
00:48:11,270 --> 00:48:12,870
OK, mimi kama hii.

1000
00:48:12,870 --> 00:48:17,021
Nini line lazima mimi
labda kuwa kuchora hapa?

1001
00:48:17,021 --> 00:48:18,850
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

1002
00:48:18,850 --> 00:48:22,740
>> DAVID Malan: Yeah, hivyo kanuni,
kama tutaweza kujadili kesho,

1003
00:48:22,740 --> 00:48:24,900
labda ni sawa
kwenye seva zote tatu.

1004
00:48:24,900 --> 00:48:28,374
Lakini sasa inahitaji kuungana si kwa
database mbio ndani ya nchi lakini mahali pengine.

1005
00:48:28,374 --> 00:48:29,040
Na hiyo ni faini.

1006
00:48:29,040 --> 00:48:31,623
Tunaweza kutoa tu database a
jina, kama vile sisi, au idadi.

1007
00:48:31,623 --> 00:48:33,930
Na kwamba wote kazi nzuri.

1008
00:48:33,930 --> 00:48:35,820
Lakini tumefanya nini?

1009
00:48:35,820 --> 00:48:40,640
Tumekuwa usawa scaled kwa kuwa na
seva tatu badala ya moja, ambayo

1010
00:48:40,640 --> 00:48:41,140
ni nzuri.

1011
00:48:41,140 --> 00:48:44,240
Kwa sababu sasa tunaweza kushughulikia
mara tatu kama mzigo sana.

1012
00:48:44,240 --> 00:48:47,710
>> Na bado bora, kama moja au mbili
ya watumishi hao inakwenda chini,

1013
00:48:47,710 --> 00:48:49,350
biashara yangu unaweza kuendelea kufanya kazi.

1014
00:48:49,350 --> 00:48:53,960
Kwa sababu mimi bado wana moja, hata kama mimi nina
aina ya kiwete pamoja utendaji-busara.

1015
00:48:53,960 --> 00:49:01,020
Lakini tatizo ni nini mpya na mimi
kuletwa na kusonga database

1016
00:49:01,020 --> 00:49:04,350
kwa seva hii tofauti
badala ya juu ya 1, 2, na 3?

1017
00:49:04,350 --> 00:49:05,412
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

1018
00:49:05,412 --> 00:49:08,120
DAVID Malan: Yeah, hivyo sasa nina
hatua nyingine moja ya kushindwa.

1019
00:49:08,120 --> 00:49:12,330
Kama database yangu akifa, au mahitaji ya
kuwa uppdaterade, au chochote, sasa na uhakika,

1020
00:49:12,330 --> 00:49:13,610
tovuti yangu ni online.

1021
00:49:13,610 --> 00:49:16,270
Na mimi inaweza kutumika tuli,
isiyobadilika maudhui.

1022
00:49:16,270 --> 00:49:21,210
Lakini siwezi basi watumiaji kuingia kwenye au mabadiliko
chochote au amri chochote, mbaya bado.

1023
00:49:21,210 --> 00:49:24,120
Kwa sababu kama 4 ni offline,
kisha 1, 2, na 3

1024
00:49:24,120 --> 00:49:27,710
kweli hawezi kuzungumza na yake kwa ufafanuzi.

1025
00:49:27,710 --> 00:49:31,560
>> OK hivyo yeah, na hivyo hii ni kwa nini
Mimi nina kusita kuteka hii.

1026
00:49:31,560 --> 00:49:32,690
Basi hebu kuja nyuma na kwamba.

1027
00:49:32,690 --> 00:49:33,700
Sina maana kuweka kusukuma wewe mbali.

1028
00:49:33,700 --> 00:49:36,030
Lakini picha ni sana
haraka kwenda kupata yanayokusumbua.

1029
00:49:36,030 --> 00:49:38,620
Kwa sababu unahitaji kuanza
kuwa na mbili ya kila kitu.

1030
00:49:38,620 --> 00:49:41,850
Kwa kweli, kama wameweza milele kuonekana
movie Mawasiliano miaka michache iliyopita

1031
00:49:41,850 --> 00:49:45,310
na Jodie Foster-- hakuna?

1032
00:49:45,310 --> 00:49:47,410
>> OK, hivyo kwa wawili wa
sisi ambao wameweza kuonekana Mawasiliano,

1033
00:49:47,410 --> 00:49:50,800
kuna uhusiano pale ambapo wao
kimsingi kununuliwa mbili ya kitu

1034
00:49:50,800 --> 00:49:53,250
badala ya moja, angalau
mara mbili ya bei.

1035
00:49:53,250 --> 00:49:55,922
Hivyo ilikuwa aina ya playful
kutoa maoni katika movie.

1036
00:49:55,922 --> 00:49:57,130
Ni aina ya kuhusiana na hili.

1037
00:49:57,130 --> 00:49:58,290
Tunaweza kabisa kufanya hivyo.

1038
00:49:58,290 --> 00:50:00,123
Na wameweza gharama tu
sisi fedha mara mbili zaidi.

1039
00:50:00,123 --> 00:50:01,300
Lakini tutaweza kuja nyuma na kwamba.

1040
00:50:01,300 --> 00:50:02,400
>> Hivyo tumekuwa kutatuliwa hii.

1041
00:50:02,400 --> 00:50:03,108
Hivyo unajua nini?

1042
00:50:03,108 --> 00:50:04,450
Hii ni kama slippery slope.

1043
00:50:04,450 --> 00:50:07,033
Sitaki kukabiliana na kuwa na
kuwa na duplicate database.

1044
00:50:07,033 --> 00:50:08,037
Ni fedha nyingi mno.

1045
00:50:08,037 --> 00:50:08,620
Unajua nini?

1046
00:50:08,620 --> 00:50:12,880
Nataka kuwa na database yangu
tu kama katika toleo moja

1047
00:50:12,880 --> 00:50:17,450
ambapo kila server ina
ndani yake mwenyewe database.

1048
00:50:17,450 --> 00:50:19,480
Hivyo mimi nina kwenda tu
kuteka db juu ya kila moja ya haya.

1049
00:50:19,480 --> 00:50:22,240
>> Hivyo sasa kila mtandao wa kompyuta
ni sawa katika hivyo mbali

1050
00:50:22,240 --> 00:50:25,650
kama ina code sawa, sawa
mali tuli, picha hiyo na maandishi

1051
00:50:25,650 --> 00:50:26,720
na kadhalika.

1052
00:50:26,720 --> 00:50:29,580
Na kila mmoja ana database yake mwenyewe.

1053
00:50:29,580 --> 00:50:31,450
Mimi fasta hatua moja
cha tatizo kushindwa.

1054
00:50:31,450 --> 00:50:32,570
Sasa nina database.

1055
00:50:32,570 --> 00:50:36,210
Hakuna jambo ambalo mbili au mmoja wa haya
mambo kufa, kuna siku zote kushoto moja.

1056
00:50:36,210 --> 00:50:41,156
Lakini tatizo ni nini mpya na mimi kuundwa
kwamba ufumbuzi Dan kuepukwa?

1057
00:50:41,156 --> 00:50:42,470
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

1058
00:50:42,470 --> 00:50:44,386
>> DAVID Malan: Yeah, I
kuwa na kusawazisha yao, haki?

1059
00:50:44,386 --> 00:50:47,860
Kwa sababu ama mimi haja ya kusawazisha
ambaye ni kwenda where-- kwa maneno mengine,

1060
00:50:47,860 --> 00:50:50,570
kama Alice ziara yangu
tovuti, na yeye kilichotokea

1061
00:50:50,570 --> 00:50:55,070
kupata nasibu au pande zote robined
au chochote, kwa server namba moja,

1062
00:50:55,070 --> 00:50:58,770
baada ya hapo mimi na daima
kutuma yake server 1.

1063
00:50:58,770 --> 00:50:59,420
Kwa nini?

1064
00:50:59,420 --> 00:51:01,540
Kwa sababu kama mimi kutuma yake
kwa server 2, ni kwenda

1065
00:51:01,540 --> 00:51:03,140
kuangalia kama yeye haipo pale.

1066
00:51:03,140 --> 00:51:04,450
>> Sitakuja kuwa na wake historia utaratibu.

1067
00:51:04,450 --> 00:51:06,300
Mimi si kwenda kuwa na wasifu wake huko.

1068
00:51:06,300 --> 00:51:09,360
Na kwamba tu anahisi kama
ni kuwakaribisha matatizo.

1069
00:51:09,360 --> 00:51:11,400
Na wakati Bob ziara, mimi
na kumpeleka daima

1070
00:51:11,400 --> 00:51:14,800
kwa server huo, 2, au kwa namna yoyote
mmoja, na Charlie kwa moja ya tatu,

1071
00:51:14,800 --> 00:51:15,797
na mfululizo.

1072
00:51:15,797 --> 00:51:17,130
Hii si haina maana, ingawa.

1073
00:51:17,130 --> 00:51:19,270
Hii inaitwa
partitioning Mbegu yako.

1074
00:51:19,270 --> 00:51:21,270
Na kwa kweli hii ilikuwa ni nini
Picha alivyofanya mapema.

1075
00:51:21,270 --> 00:51:24,020
>> Kama wewe ikifuatiwa historia ya
Facebook, ilianza hapa katika chuo

1076
00:51:24,020 --> 00:51:25,770
kama www.thefacebook.com.

1077
00:51:25,770 --> 00:51:29,260
Basi ni tolewa mara moja Mark alianza
kueneza katika vyuo vikuu vingine

1078
00:51:29,260 --> 00:51:34,450
kuwa harvard.thefacebook.com na
mit.thefacebook.com, na pengine

1079
00:51:34,450 --> 00:51:37,027
bu.thefacebook.com, na kadhalika.

1080
00:51:37,027 --> 00:51:38,860
Na kwamba ilikuwa ni kwa sababu
mapema, sidhani

1081
00:51:38,860 --> 00:51:40,484
unaweza kuwa na marafiki hela vyuo vikuu.

1082
00:51:40,484 --> 00:51:41,410
Lakini hiyo ni faini.

1083
00:51:41,410 --> 00:51:43,930
Kwa sababu mtu yeyote kutoka Harvard
got alimtuma server hii.

1084
00:51:43,930 --> 00:51:45,744
Mtu yeyote kutoka BU got alimtuma server hii.

1085
00:51:45,744 --> 00:51:47,910
Mtu yeyote kutoka MIT got alimtuma
kwa server-- hii katika nadharia.

1086
00:51:47,910 --> 00:51:50,540
Sijui kabisa kujua yote
msingi maelezo ya utekelezaji.

1087
00:51:50,540 --> 00:51:55,610
Lakini yeye labda partitioned watu na
chuo yao, ambapo mtandao wao alikuwa.

1088
00:51:55,610 --> 00:51:58,772
>> Hivyo hiyo ni nzuri hadi hatua
ambapo unahitaji servrar mbili kwa Harvard,

1089
00:51:58,772 --> 00:51:59,980
au seva tatu kwa Harvard.

1090
00:51:59,980 --> 00:52:01,800
Na kisha kwamba unyenyekevu
aina ya umekwisha.

1091
00:52:01,800 --> 00:52:03,174
Lakini hiyo ni njia nzuri.

1092
00:52:03,174 --> 00:52:04,950
Hebu daima kutuma Alice
kwa sehemu moja,

1093
00:52:04,950 --> 00:52:06,366
daima kutuma Bob kwenye sehemu moja.

1094
00:52:06,366 --> 00:52:09,680
Lakini kile kinachotokea kama Alice
server inakwenda nje ya mkondo?

1095
00:52:09,680 --> 00:52:12,300
Bob na Charlie bado wanaweza kununua
mambo na kuingia katika tovuti.

1096
00:52:12,300 --> 00:52:13,462
Lakini Alice hawawezi.

1097
00:52:13,462 --> 00:52:15,170
Hivyo wameweza waliopotea wa tatu
ya user msingi wako.

1098
00:52:15,170 --> 00:52:16,980
Labda hiyo ndiyo bora kuliko 100%?

1099
00:52:16,980 --> 00:52:20,580
Lakini labda ni d kuwa nzuri kama tunaweza
bado msaada 100% ya watumiaji wetu

1100
00:52:20,580 --> 00:52:23,470
hata wakati wa tatu wa wetu
seva huenda nje ya mkondo.

1101
00:52:23,470 --> 00:52:24,760
>> Hivyo tunaweza kusawazisha nini?

1102
00:52:24,760 --> 00:52:29,250
Si watumiaji, per se, lakini
database katika seva yote haya.

1103
00:52:29,250 --> 00:52:33,350
Hivyo sasa sisi aina ya haja ya baadhi ya
aina ya kuunganishiwa

1104
00:52:33,350 --> 00:52:37,880
hapa ili watumishi wenyewe
unaweza sync-- si maana.

1105
00:52:37,880 --> 00:52:40,090
Na kwa kweli, teknolojia hii lipo.

1106
00:52:40,090 --> 00:52:45,550
Katika ulimwengu wa database, kuna
dhana ya database bwana-mtumwa,

1107
00:52:45,550 --> 00:52:48,240
au msingi ya sekondari,
ambapo miongoni mwa sifa

1108
00:52:48,240 --> 00:52:51,050
siyo tu kwa kuhifadhi data
na kujibu kwa data,

1109
00:52:51,050 --> 00:52:53,375
lakini pia tu mara kwa mara
kusawazisha na kila mmoja.

1110
00:52:53,375 --> 00:52:56,480
Hivyo wakati wowote wewe kuandika au kuokoa
kitu cha database hii,

1111
00:52:56,480 --> 00:53:00,040
ni mara moja anapata "kuigwa"
kwa database nyingine kama vile.

1112
00:53:00,040 --> 00:53:02,870
>> Na wakati wowote wewe kusoma kutoka hayo,
haijalishi ni wapi.

1113
00:53:02,870 --> 00:53:05,170
Kwa sababu kama katika nadharia
wameweza wote synced, uko

1114
00:53:05,170 --> 00:53:07,710
kwenda kupata mtazamo huo wa data.

1115
00:53:07,710 --> 00:53:10,800
Hivyo hii inaonekana kamilifu.

1116
00:53:10,800 --> 00:53:11,883
Kuna got kuwa ni kukamata.

1117
00:53:11,883 --> 00:53:15,200

1118
00:53:15,200 --> 00:53:18,990
Nini kinaweza kukamata kuwa?

1119
00:53:18,990 --> 00:53:21,790
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

1120
00:53:21,790 --> 00:53:25,830
>> DAVID Malan: Yeah, hivyo mara tatu
kama mambo mengi inaweza kwenda vibaya.

1121
00:53:25,830 --> 00:53:26,930
Hiyo ni hali halisi.

1122
00:53:26,930 --> 00:53:28,480
Ni inaweza wote kuwa sawa katika roho.

1123
00:53:28,480 --> 00:53:30,404
Lakini mtu anahitaji configure haya.

1124
00:53:30,404 --> 00:53:33,070
Kuna uwezekano mkubwa kwamba
kitu kinaendelea kwenda vibaya.

1125
00:53:33,070 --> 00:53:38,130
Tu combinatorially una
mambo zaidi kukabiliwa na makosa.

1126
00:53:38,130 --> 00:53:40,505
Kile kingine ni mbaya uwezekano?

1127
00:53:40,505 --> 00:53:41,380
Watazamaji: [inaudible]

1128
00:53:41,380 --> 00:53:44,100

1129
00:53:44,100 --> 00:53:46,180
>> DAVID Malan: Yeah, hivyo
syncing inaweza kuwa mbaya.

1130
00:53:46,180 --> 00:53:48,110
Hata kama unaweza kujua
kutoka backups na vile,

1131
00:53:48,110 --> 00:53:50,520
kama wewe tu ni upofu kufanya
backups, nini kama kitu gani

1132
00:53:50,520 --> 00:53:51,560
kwenda vibaya juu ya database moja?

1133
00:53:51,560 --> 00:53:53,018
You kufuta kitu hawapaswi.

1134
00:53:53,018 --> 00:53:56,299
Umefanya mara moja kuigwa
kwamba tatizo kila mahali pengine.

1135
00:53:56,299 --> 00:53:58,840
Hivyo Victoria ilikuwa talking-- backups
itakuwa jambo zuri hapa.

1136
00:53:58,840 --> 00:54:00,549
Na hivyo tutaweza kupata nyuma na kwamba.

1137
00:54:00,549 --> 00:54:03,090
Na kwa kuwa wazi, tunazungumzia
si kuhusu backups hapa per se.

1138
00:54:03,090 --> 00:54:08,240
Tunazungumzia replication kweli
au synchronization katika seva.

1139
00:54:08,240 --> 00:54:09,110
Wao ni wote kuishi.

1140
00:54:09,110 --> 00:54:12,074
Wao siyo maana ya
kutumika kwa ajili ya backups.

1141
00:54:12,074 --> 00:54:13,294
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

1142
00:54:13,294 --> 00:54:14,335
DAVID Malan: Nini hiyo?

1143
00:54:14,335 --> 00:54:14,710
Watazamaji: Higher--

1144
00:54:14,710 --> 00:54:15,751
DAVID Malan: gharama ya Juu.

1145
00:54:15,751 --> 00:54:20,180
Tumekuwa mara tatu gharama kwa
uhakika, ingawa angalau katika suala

1146
00:54:20,180 --> 00:54:21,100
wa vifaa.

1147
00:54:21,100 --> 00:54:23,200
Kwa sababu database ni
tu kipande cha programu.

1148
00:54:23,200 --> 00:54:25,189
Na mtandao wa kompyuta ni kipande cha programu.

1149
00:54:25,189 --> 00:54:27,980
Ni bure pengine kama sisi ni kutumia
idadi yoyote ya chanzo mambo wazi.

1150
00:54:27,980 --> 00:54:30,480
Lakini kama sisi ni kutumia
kitu kama Oracle,

1151
00:54:30,480 --> 00:54:36,574
sisi ni kulipa Oracle fedha zaidi kwa
leseni, au Microsoft ajili ya kupata.

1152
00:54:36,574 --> 00:54:38,240
Kuna got kuwa baadhi kukamata wengine hapa.

1153
00:54:38,240 --> 00:54:39,240
Ni hawezi kuwa rahisi hii.

1154
00:54:39,240 --> 00:54:42,990

1155
00:54:42,990 --> 00:54:47,300
>> Hivyo kwa uhakika yako, nadhani ilikuwa ni
Kareem, kwa Jiografia earlier-- au hapana,

1156
00:54:47,300 --> 00:54:50,870
Kirumi, ilikuwa ni, kwa geography-- kudhani
kwamba sisi ni kuwa smart kuhusu hili,

1157
00:54:50,870 --> 00:54:54,080
na sisi ni kuweka moja ya server yetu,
na katika kugeuka database yetu, nchini Marekani,

1158
00:54:54,080 --> 00:54:56,910
na mwingine katika Ulaya, mwingine katika
Amerika ya Kusini, mwingine katika Afrika,

1159
00:54:56,910 --> 00:55:00,290
mwingine katika Asia, mahali popote sisi
kutaka duniani kote.

1160
00:55:00,290 --> 00:55:04,220
Sisi tayari kujua kutoka kuwaeleza yetu
njia kwamba hatua A na hatua

1161
00:55:04,220 --> 00:55:06,910
B, kama uko mbali mbali,
ni kwenda kuchukua muda zaidi.

1162
00:55:06,910 --> 00:55:10,312
>> Na kama baadhi yenu wametumia
zana, kama Facebook au Twitter

1163
00:55:10,312 --> 00:55:13,520
au siku yoyote ya maeneo haya haya kwamba
ni kubadilika kwa sababu ya user

1164
00:55:13,520 --> 00:55:16,880
umba data, wakati mwingine kama wewe
kugonga Reload au kufungua ukurasa huo huo

1165
00:55:16,880 --> 00:55:20,270
katika browser mwingine, unaweza kuona
matoleo mbalimbali, karibu.

1166
00:55:20,270 --> 00:55:22,875
Unaweza kuona hali ya mtu
update hapa lakini si hapa,

1167
00:55:22,875 --> 00:55:25,500
na kisha upya, na kisha
inaonekana, na wewe upya tena,

1168
00:55:25,500 --> 00:55:26,640
na kutoweka.

1169
00:55:26,640 --> 00:55:29,076
Kwa maneno mengine, kuweka
jicho nje kwa ajili hii, angalau

1170
00:55:29,076 --> 00:55:30,950
kama wewe ni kutumia kijamii
mitandao hasa.

1171
00:55:30,950 --> 00:55:33,320
>> Tena, tu kwa sababu
data ni kubadilisha hivyo haraka,

1172
00:55:33,320 --> 00:55:35,710
wakati mwingine watumishi hawana kupata nje ya upatanishi.

1173
00:55:35,710 --> 00:55:37,230
Na labda ni dirisha super ndogo.

1174
00:55:37,230 --> 00:55:39,970
Lakini 200 milliseconds, labda
hata zaidi ya that-- ni

1175
00:55:39,970 --> 00:55:43,415
kwenda kuchukua baadhi ya mashirika yasiyo ya sifuri kiasi
muda kwa ajili ya hifadhidata hii kusawazisha.

1176
00:55:43,415 --> 00:55:45,290
Na sisi siyo tu
kuzungumza juu ya ombi moja.

1177
00:55:45,290 --> 00:55:48,540
Kama kampuni ina maelfu ya
watumiaji kutumia hiyo wakati huo huo,

1178
00:55:48,540 --> 00:55:49,460
wapate buffer.

1179
00:55:49,460 --> 00:55:52,240
Kwa maneno mengine, kuna nguvu
kuwa foleni au mstari kusubiri

1180
00:55:52,240 --> 00:55:54,950
kabla wale wote database
maswali wanaweza kupata Mfumo huo.

1181
00:55:54,950 --> 00:55:56,610
Hivyo labda ni kweli sekunde chache.

1182
00:55:56,610 --> 00:55:59,820
>> Na hakika hii ni kweli nadhani hata
hadi leo hii na Facebook, ambapo

1183
00:55:59,820 --> 00:56:02,010
wakati wao synchronize kutoka
East Coast na West Coast,

1184
00:56:02,010 --> 00:56:06,026
ina zisizo yasiyo na maana
uenezi kuchelewa, hivyo kusema,

1185
00:56:06,026 --> 00:56:07,650
kwamba wewe tu aina ya kuwa na kuvumilia.

1186
00:56:07,650 --> 00:56:11,210
Na hivyo ni si sana
mdudu kama ni ukweli

1187
00:56:11,210 --> 00:56:14,230
kwamba watumiaji yako inaweza hawaoni
data sahihi kwa angalau

1188
00:56:14,230 --> 00:56:14,970
sekunde chache.

1189
00:56:14,970 --> 00:56:17,410
>> Mimi naona hii juu ya Twitter mengi
kweli ambapo wakati mwingine mimi itabidi

1190
00:56:17,410 --> 00:56:21,227
tweet katika dirisha moja, kufungua mwingine kwa
kisha kuona ni kuthibitisha kuwa ni kweli

1191
00:56:21,227 --> 00:56:22,560
akapanda, na si huko bado.

1192
00:56:22,560 --> 00:56:25,340
Na mimi kuwa na aina ya upya,
Reload, reload-- loo, huko ni.

1193
00:56:25,340 --> 00:56:27,150
Na si kwamba kwa sababu ilikuwa si kuokolewa.

1194
00:56:27,150 --> 00:56:29,850
Ni tu hana kupandwa
kwa seva nyingine.

1195
00:56:29,850 --> 00:56:33,120
>> Hivyo hii biashara-off, too-- je kweli
wanataka nje mwenyewe kwa hatari

1196
00:56:33,120 --> 00:56:37,254
kwamba kama user inakwenda utaratibu wao
historia, siyo kweli kuna bado?

1197
00:56:37,254 --> 00:56:38,420
Mimi naona hii kwenye mabenki fulani.

1198
00:56:38,420 --> 00:56:42,100
Daima kero yangu wakati, vizuri, kwa moja,
unaweza tu kwenda kama miezi sita nyuma

1199
00:56:42,100 --> 00:56:45,160
katika taarifa ya benki katika baadhi ya benki,
ingawa katika nadharia wanapaswa

1200
00:56:45,160 --> 00:56:46,576
kuwa na uwezo wa kuwa na kila kitu online.

1201
00:56:46,576 --> 00:56:48,630
Wao tu kuchukua mambo offline wakati mwingine.

1202
00:56:48,630 --> 00:56:51,430
Wakati mwingine, too-- kile tovuti ni nini?

1203
00:56:51,430 --> 00:56:53,570
Kuna one-- oh, ni GoDaddy, nadhani.

1204
00:56:53,570 --> 00:56:56,620
GoDaddy, wakati wewe kuangalia nje
kununua jina la uwanja au kitu,

1205
00:56:56,620 --> 00:56:58,630
wao itabidi mara nyingi kukupa
kiungo kwa risiti yako.

1206
00:56:58,630 --> 00:57:01,470
Na kama wewe click kwamba kiungo wa kulia
mbali, ni mara nyingi haifanyi kazi.

1207
00:57:01,470 --> 00:57:03,290
Ni tu anasema, maiti ya mwisho, hakuna kitu hapa.

1208
00:57:03,290 --> 00:57:05,450
>> Na kwamba ni mno kwa sababu ya
hizi uenezi ucheleweshaji.

1209
00:57:05,450 --> 00:57:08,290
Kwa sababu kwa sababu yoyote, wao
ni kuchukua muda kidogo

1210
00:57:08,290 --> 00:57:09,670
kwa kweli kuzalisha hiyo.

1211
00:57:09,670 --> 00:57:12,070
Hivyo hii ni aina ya kama unataka
kuvuta nywele wako nje wakati fulani.

1212
00:57:12,070 --> 00:57:14,486
Kwa sababu wote wewe ni kujaribu
kufanya ni kutatua tatizo rahisi.

1213
00:57:14,486 --> 00:57:16,590
Na tunaendelea kujenga mpya
matatizo kwa wenyewe.

1214
00:57:16,590 --> 00:57:18,770
Basi hebu angalia kama sisi
unaweza aina ya kutengua hii.

1215
00:57:18,770 --> 00:57:22,730
>> Ni zinageuka kuwa kuchanganya
database juu ya yote ya mtandao seva yako

1216
00:57:22,730 --> 00:57:25,090
si kweli bora mazoezi.

1217
00:57:25,090 --> 00:57:27,950
Kwa ujumla, nini mhandisi
angefanya, au mifumo ya mbunifu,

1218
00:57:27,950 --> 00:57:30,340
itakuwa na tofauti
tiers ya watumishi.

1219
00:57:30,340 --> 00:57:33,160
Na tu kwa ajili ya nafasi ya, mimi itabidi
kuteka database yao hapa.

1220
00:57:33,160 --> 00:57:38,060
>> Tupate kuwa na database na
server namba nne hapa

1221
00:57:38,060 --> 00:57:42,430
kwamba hana kuwa na uhusiano na
kila mmoja seva hizi hapa.

1222
00:57:42,430 --> 00:57:45,400
Hivyo hii inaweza kuwa mbele yetu
mwisho tier, kama watu kusema.

1223
00:57:45,400 --> 00:57:47,770
Na hii itakuwa mwisho wetu nyuma tier.

1224
00:57:47,770 --> 00:57:50,580
Na kwamba tu ina maana kwamba
hizi wanakabiliwa na user.

1225
00:57:50,580 --> 00:57:53,010
Na database wala uso user.

1226
00:57:53,010 --> 00:57:55,480
Hakuna user unaweza moja kwa moja
kupata database.

1227
00:57:55,480 --> 00:57:59,280
>> Basi hebu sasa labda kwenda chini
Njia Victoria mapendekezo.

1228
00:57:59,280 --> 00:58:00,940
Hii ni hatua moja ya kushindwa.

1229
00:58:00,940 --> 00:58:02,290
Hiyo inanifanya wasiwasi.

1230
00:58:02,290 --> 00:58:05,790
Basi nini labda
wazi zaidi suluhisho?

1231
00:58:05,790 --> 00:58:06,665
Watazamaji: [inaudible]

1232
00:58:06,665 --> 00:58:09,979

1233
00:58:09,979 --> 00:58:11,437
DAVID Malan: Sorry, kusema kwamba tena.

1234
00:58:11,437 --> 00:58:12,352
Watazamaji: [inaudible]

1235
00:58:12,352 --> 00:58:13,810
DAVID Malan: Non-uzalishaji server.

1236
00:58:13,810 --> 00:58:15,364
Unamaanisha nini?

1237
00:58:15,364 --> 00:58:17,120
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

1238
00:58:17,120 --> 00:58:19,120
>> DAVID Malan: Oh, OK, hivyo backups.

1239
00:58:19,120 --> 00:58:21,110
OK, hivyo tunaweza kufanya hivyo, bila ya shaka.

1240
00:58:21,110 --> 00:58:23,790
Na kwa kweli hii ni kawaida sana kufanyika.

1241
00:58:23,790 --> 00:58:26,470
Hii inaweza kuwa database namba tano.

1242
00:58:26,470 --> 00:58:28,510
Lakini hiyo ni tu
kushikamana na namba nne.

1243
00:58:28,510 --> 00:58:31,110
Na unaweza simu yake moto vipuri.

1244
00:58:31,110 --> 00:58:35,080
databaser hizi mbili inaweza kuwa kimeundwa
tu mara kwa mara synchronize

1245
00:58:35,080 --> 00:58:35,850
kila mmoja.

1246
00:58:35,850 --> 00:58:39,010
Na hivyo kama mashine hii akifa, kwa
chochote kijinga reason-- gari ngumu

1247
00:58:39,010 --> 00:58:42,100
akifa, mtu safari juu ya
kamba, baadhi ya programu ni kiujanja

1248
00:58:42,100 --> 00:58:46,560
na hangs mashine au crashes--
unaweza kuwa na binadamu literally

1249
00:58:46,560 --> 00:58:51,090
unplug hii moja kutoka ukuta
na badala yake kuziba hii moja katika.

1250
00:58:51,090 --> 00:58:56,340
Na kisha ndani ya, hebu sema,
dakika chache, labda nusu saa,

1251
00:58:56,340 --> 00:58:57,210
uko nyuma online.

1252
00:58:57,210 --> 00:58:59,259
>> Siyo kubwa, lakini
ni pia si ya kutisha.

1253
00:58:59,259 --> 00:59:01,800
Na huna kuwa na wasiwasi
kuhusu masuala yoyote maingiliano.

1254
00:59:01,800 --> 00:59:03,080
Kwa sababu kila kitu ni tayari.

1255
00:59:03,080 --> 00:59:05,000
Kwa sababu alikuwa kamili
Backup tayari kwenda.

1256
00:59:05,000 --> 00:59:07,100
>> Unaweza kuwa kidogo
fancier kuhusu hili,

1257
00:59:07,100 --> 00:59:12,990
kama mara nyingi baadhi ya watu kufanya, ambapo
inaweza kuwa na database namba nne hapa,

1258
00:59:12,990 --> 00:59:17,480
database namba tano hapa,
kwamba ni kuzungumza na kila mmoja.

1259
00:59:17,480 --> 00:59:24,120
Lakini pia una hii
aina ya arrangement--

1260
00:59:24,120 --> 00:59:27,440
na hivyo kwa makusudi
inaonekana messy, kwa sababu

1261
00:59:27,440 --> 00:59:30,220
is-- ambapo wote wa
mbele servrar mwisho Unaweza

1262
00:59:30,220 --> 00:59:32,870
kuzungumza na wote wa seva nyuma mwisho.

1263
00:59:32,870 --> 00:59:38,130
Na hivyo kama database hii haina
kujibu, hawa mbele ya mwisho servrar na

1264
00:59:38,130 --> 00:59:40,212
kuwa na programu
kificho katika wao anasema,

1265
00:59:40,212 --> 00:59:42,170
kama huna kupata
uhusiano na database hii,

1266
00:59:42,170 --> 00:59:45,830
msingi mara moja kuanza
kuzungumza na sekondari.

1267
00:59:45,830 --> 00:59:48,310
>> Lakini hii sasa inasukuma
utata kwa kificho.

1268
00:59:48,310 --> 00:59:52,070
Na sasa watengenezaji yako, programu yako
watengenezaji, una kujua kuhusu hili.

1269
00:59:52,070 --> 00:59:56,454
Na wewe ni aina ya tying kificho kwamba
wewe ni kuandika hadi mwisho wako halisi nyuma

1270
00:59:56,454 --> 00:59:58,370
maelezo ya utekelezaji,
ambayo inafanya kuwa vigumu,

1271
00:59:58,370 --> 01:00:00,670
hasa katika kubwa
kampuni au tovuti kubwa,

1272
01:00:00,670 --> 01:00:05,020
ambapo si lazima
wanataka programmers kuwa na

1273
01:00:05,020 --> 01:00:10,890
kujua jinsi database
wahandisi ni kufanya kazi zao.

1274
01:00:10,890 --> 01:00:13,810
Unaweza kutaka kuweka majukumu hayo
aina ya functionally tofauti hivyo

1275
01:00:13,810 --> 01:00:16,810
kwamba kuna hii safu ya
uchukuaji kati ya mbili.

1276
01:00:16,810 --> 01:00:17,940
>> Hivyo jinsi gani sisi kurekebisha hili?

1277
01:00:17,940 --> 01:00:20,290
Naam, sisi aina ya kutatuliwa
tatizo hili mara moja kabla.

1278
01:00:20,290 --> 01:00:25,680
Mbona sisi kuweka moja ya
mambo haya hapa ambapo

1279
01:00:25,680 --> 01:00:30,947
ni mazungumzo kwa upande wa namba nne na
tano, zote za mwisho mbele servrar mtandao

1280
01:00:30,947 --> 01:00:33,780
kuzungumza na middleman hii, na
middleman katika njia upande data zao?

1281
01:00:33,780 --> 01:00:38,494
Kwa kweli, nini inaweza kuwa
jina nzuri kwa ajili ya jambo hili?

1282
01:00:38,494 --> 01:00:39,704
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

1283
01:00:39,704 --> 01:00:41,120
DAVID Malan: Sawa, database meneja.

1284
01:00:41,120 --> 01:00:48,030
Lakini nini inaweza kuwa kwamba mrefu
tunaweza kutumia tena kwa kifaa hiki?

1285
01:00:48,030 --> 01:00:49,760
Sisi ni kusawazisha.

1286
01:00:49,760 --> 01:00:52,480
Yeah, hivyo kweli, mimi nina
si kuwa na haki hapa.

1287
01:00:52,480 --> 01:00:56,760
Hivyo mzigo balancer ingekuwa kuashiria kwamba
tuko toggling na kurudi hapa,

1288
01:00:56,760 --> 01:00:58,836
ambayo haja si kweli kuwa kesi.

1289
01:00:58,836 --> 01:01:00,460
Hivyo kuna njia chache tunaweza kufanya hii.

1290
01:01:00,460 --> 01:01:03,920
>> Kama hii ni kwa kweli mzigo balancer,
hadithi ni sawa kama kabla.

1291
01:01:03,920 --> 01:01:05,230
Baadhi ya maombi kwenda 4.

1292
01:01:05,230 --> 01:01:06,150
Baadhi yao kwenda 5.

1293
01:01:06,150 --> 01:01:06,710
Na hiyo ni nzuri.

1294
01:01:06,710 --> 01:01:08,835
Kwa sababu sasa tunaweza kushughulikia
throughput mara mbili zaidi.

1295
01:01:08,835 --> 01:01:11,120
Lakini uhusiano huu
hapa ni super muhimu.

1296
01:01:11,120 --> 01:01:14,050
Wana kukaa daima
Mfumo huo na hopefully

1297
01:01:14,050 --> 01:01:17,670
si kijiografia mbali mno hivyo
kwamba synchronization kimsingi ni

1298
01:01:17,670 --> 01:01:18,520
instantaneous.

1299
01:01:18,520 --> 01:01:20,410
Vinginevyo tupate kuwa tatizo.

1300
01:01:20,410 --> 01:01:21,330
>> Hivyo hiyo ni si mbaya.

1301
01:01:21,330 --> 01:01:25,132
Lakini tena, tumekuwa
ilianzisha tatizo mpya.

1302
01:01:25,132 --> 01:01:26,590
Nini tatizo kuwa I just recreated?

1303
01:01:26,590 --> 01:01:30,000

1304
01:01:30,000 --> 01:01:31,020
Single hatua ya kushindwa.

1305
01:01:31,020 --> 01:01:32,390
Basi nini ufumbuzi kwa kuwa?

1306
01:01:32,390 --> 01:01:39,270
Hivyo kama Victoria fond ya kutumia fedha,
tunaweza kuchukua guy hii nje na kufanya hivyo.

1307
01:01:39,270 --> 01:01:41,731
Na mimi nina kwenda tu
hoja hapa nafasi ya kutosha.

1308
01:01:41,731 --> 01:01:43,230
Na itakuja kuwa kidogo messy.

1309
01:01:43,230 --> 01:01:44,563
Mimi nina kwenda kuweka kuchora mistari.

1310
01:01:44,563 --> 01:01:47,080
Tuseme kwamba wote wa
wale mistari kwenda katika zote mbili?

1311
01:01:47,080 --> 01:01:52,670
>> mbinu ya kawaida sana hapa itakuwa
kutumia mbinu inayoitwa moyo

1312
01:01:52,670 --> 01:01:57,390
ambapo kila ya vifaa hivi,
kushoto na kulia mzigo balancers,

1313
01:01:57,390 --> 01:02:00,740
au chochote tunataka kuwaita,
ni daima wakisema, Mimi niko hai,

1314
01:02:00,740 --> 01:02:03,220
Mimi nina hai, mimi nina hai, mimi nina hai.

1315
01:02:03,220 --> 01:02:05,910
Mmoja wao by default
vitendo kama msingi.

1316
01:02:05,910 --> 01:02:09,620
Hivyo trafiki wote ni kuwa kupelekwa kwa njia ya
mmoja upande wa kushoto, kwa mfano,

1317
01:02:09,620 --> 01:02:11,260
by default, kiholela.

1318
01:02:11,260 --> 01:02:16,890
>> Lakini kwa haraka kama guy juu ya haki
haina kusikia kutoka guy kushoto tena,

1319
01:02:16,890 --> 01:02:20,440
moja juu ya haki ni iliyowekwa
moja kwa moja, kwa mfano,

1320
01:02:20,440 --> 01:02:24,110
kuchukua juu ya anwani ya IP
ya mmoja upande wa kushoto,

1321
01:02:24,110 --> 01:02:28,240
na hivyo kuwa msingi, na
labda kutuma barua pepe au ujumbe wa maandishi

1322
01:02:28,240 --> 01:02:31,570
kwa binadamu kusema, hey,
msingi wa kushoto ni nje ya mkondo.

1323
01:02:31,570 --> 01:02:33,310
Nami nitakuwa msingi kwa sasa.

1324
01:02:33,310 --> 01:02:35,760
Hivyo makamu wa rais inakuwa
rais, hivyo kusema.

1325
01:02:35,760 --> 01:02:38,180
Na mtu ana kwenda kuokoa
rais, kama unataka.

1326
01:02:38,180 --> 01:02:41,090
Kwa sababu sasa tuna muda
single hatua ya kushindwa.

1327
01:02:41,090 --> 01:02:45,020
>> Hivyo kama ngumu au yanayokusumbua kama
hii inaweza kuonekana kuanza kuwa,

1328
01:02:45,020 --> 01:02:46,990
hii ni jinsi gani kutatua matatizo haya.

1329
01:02:46,990 --> 01:02:48,190
Unaweza kufanya kutupa fedha katika hilo.

1330
01:02:48,190 --> 01:02:49,370
Wewe kutupa vifaa katika hilo.

1331
01:02:49,370 --> 01:02:52,170
Lakini kwa bahati mbaya
kuongeza utata kwa ajili yake.

1332
01:02:52,170 --> 01:02:56,450
Lakini matokeo yake, hatimaye, ni kwamba
una mengi zaidi, katika nadharia,

1333
01:02:56,450 --> 01:02:57,670
imara usanifu.

1334
01:02:57,670 --> 01:02:58,850
Bado si kamilifu.

1335
01:02:58,850 --> 01:03:02,470
Kwa sababu hata wakati sisi have-- tupate
si kuwa na pointi moja ya kushindwa.

1336
01:03:02,470 --> 01:03:05,240
Sisi sasa kuwa na pointi mbili ya kushindwa.

1337
01:03:05,240 --> 01:03:07,630
Lakini kama mambo mawili kwenda vibaya,
ambayo kabisa naweza,

1338
01:03:07,630 --> 01:03:09,030
bado tuko kwenda kuwa nje ya mkondo.

1339
01:03:09,030 --> 01:03:11,660
>> Na hivyo kawaida sana katika
sekta ni kueleza

1340
01:03:11,660 --> 01:03:14,000
muda wako up katika suala la nines.

1341
01:03:14,000 --> 01:03:18,610
Na aina ya lengo
kwa kutamani ni 99.999%

1342
01:03:18,610 --> 01:03:21,580
muda tovuti yako ni online.

1343
01:03:21,580 --> 01:03:24,170
Au hata bora zaidi, kuongeza
nines chache zaidi kwa hiyo.

1344
01:03:24,170 --> 01:03:28,159
Kwa bahati mbaya, hizi
nines ni ghali sana.

1345
01:03:28,159 --> 01:03:29,450
Na hebu kweli kufanya hivyo nje.

1346
01:03:29,450 --> 01:03:35,510
Hivyo kama mimi kufungua calculator yangu kubwa tena,
siku 365 kwa mwaka, masaa 24 katika siku,

1347
01:03:35,510 --> 01:03:44,780
dakika 60 katika saa, na
sekunde 60 katika dakika,

1348
01:03:44,780 --> 01:03:48,690
hiyo ni jinsi sekunde nyingi kuna
mwaka kama Nilifanya hivyo kwa usahihi.

1349
01:03:48,690 --> 01:03:55,740
Hivyo kama sisi mara hii kwa 0.99999, hiyo ni
muda kiasi gani tunataka kutamani.

1350
01:03:55,740 --> 01:04:00,600
Hivyo kwamba maana tuwe up
huu sekunde nyingi katika mwaka huo.

1351
01:04:00,600 --> 01:04:03,920
Hivyo kama mimi sasa Ondoa
thamani ya awali, au tuseme

1352
01:04:03,920 --> 01:04:07,480
thamani hii mpya kutoka
first-- sekunde 316,

1353
01:04:07,480 --> 01:04:09,640
ambayo bila shaka ni dakika tano.

1354
01:04:09,640 --> 01:04:13,770
>> Hivyo kama tovuti yako au kampuni yako ni
wakidai "nines tano," ambapo uko

1355
01:04:13,770 --> 01:04:17,050
up 99.99% ya muda,
hiyo ina maana wewe bora

1356
01:04:17,050 --> 01:04:23,470
wamekuwa smart kutosha na ya haraka
kutosha na kuvuta kutosha na rasilimali

1357
01:04:23,470 --> 01:04:27,890
kwamba seva yako ni tu nje ya mkondo
dakika tano kati ya mwaka.

1358
01:04:27,890 --> 01:04:29,980
Ni gharama kubwa na
jambo gumu kwa kutamani.

1359
01:04:29,980 --> 01:04:31,430
>> Hivyo ni biashara mbali, pia.

1360
01:04:31,430 --> 01:04:35,866
99.999% ya muda ni pretty
darn ngumu na gharama kubwa.

1361
01:04:35,866 --> 01:04:38,740
Tano minutes-- unaweza vigumu kupata
kwa server kimwili kuchukua nafasi ya

1362
01:04:38,740 --> 01:04:40,040
kitu ambacho wamekwenda vibaya.

1363
01:04:40,040 --> 01:04:42,810
Na kwamba ni kwa nini sisi kuanza wiring
mambo pamoja ngumu zaidi

1364
01:04:42,810 --> 01:04:48,240
apriori ili kompyuta
unaweza aina ya kurekebisha wenyewe.

1365
01:04:48,240 --> 01:04:49,446
Yeah.

1366
01:04:49,446 --> 01:04:52,344
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

1367
01:04:52,344 --> 01:05:02,014

1368
01:05:02,014 --> 01:05:04,430
DAVID Malan: tatizo naweza
kuwa katika idadi yoyote ya maeneo.

1369
01:05:04,430 --> 01:05:05,090
Na katika fact--

1370
01:05:05,090 --> 01:05:07,101
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

1371
01:05:07,101 --> 01:05:08,600
DAVID Malan: Absolutely, kabisa.

1372
01:05:08,600 --> 01:05:10,720
Na kama picha ni
kupata ngumu zaidi,

1373
01:05:10,720 --> 01:05:12,110
inaweza kuwa Sava.

1374
01:05:12,110 --> 01:05:14,690
Ni inaweza kuwa uwezo wa jengo hilo.

1375
01:05:14,690 --> 01:05:17,900
Ni inaweza kuwa kitu kimwili, kama
nyaya got frayed au mateke nje.

1376
01:05:17,900 --> 01:05:19,879
Ni inaweza kuwa database
si kujibu.

1377
01:05:19,879 --> 01:05:22,920
Ni inaweza kuwa wao updated uendeshaji yao
mfumo na kitu ni kunyongwa.

1378
01:05:22,920 --> 01:05:24,634
Hivyo kuna mengine mengi sehemu kusonga.

1379
01:05:24,634 --> 01:05:27,050
Na hivyo mengi ya uhandisi
kwamba ina kwenda nyuma ya hii

1380
01:05:27,050 --> 01:05:30,431
ni kweli tu biashara awamu ya pili, kama jinsi
muda mwingi, kiasi gani cha fedha ni ni kweli

1381
01:05:30,431 --> 01:05:32,930
thamani, na ni vitisho nini
wewe ni kweli wasiwasi kuhusu nini?

1382
01:05:32,930 --> 01:05:35,471
Kwa mfano, katika
kozi mimi kufundisha katika Harvard,

1383
01:05:35,471 --> 01:05:38,470
sisi matumizi mengi ya wingu kompyuta, ambayo
tutaweza kuanza kuchukua kuangalia sasa,

1384
01:05:38,470 --> 01:05:41,107
kwa kweli, ambapo sisi kutumia
Amazon Huduma za mtandao.

1385
01:05:41,107 --> 01:05:42,940
sababu tu kwamba
moja sisi ilianza na.

1386
01:05:42,940 --> 01:05:45,856
Lakini kuna milele zaidi siku hizi
kutoka Google na Microsoft na wengine.

1387
01:05:45,856 --> 01:05:50,030
Na sisi uangalifu kuchagua kuweka yote
wa mashine ya kozi zetu 'virtual,

1388
01:05:50,030 --> 01:05:55,400
kama wao ni kuitwa, katika Nadhani
ni Magharibi Virginia kituo cha data.

1389
01:05:55,400 --> 01:05:57,560
Wengi wa wanafunzi wetu
kutokea kwa kuwa kutoka Marekani,

1390
01:05:57,560 --> 01:05:59,820
ingawa kuna shaka
baadhi kimataifa.

1391
01:05:59,820 --> 01:06:02,630
>> Lakini ukweli ni ni tu
rahisi na ni nafuu kwa ajili yetu

1392
01:06:02,630 --> 01:06:05,540
kuweka yote ya mayai yetu
katika Virginia kikapu,

1393
01:06:05,540 --> 01:06:08,050
hata mimi kujua kama kitu
huenda vibaya katika Virginia,

1394
01:06:08,050 --> 01:06:12,760
kama ana mara kwa mara happened-- kama
kama kuna upepo au baadhi ya hali ya hewa

1395
01:06:12,760 --> 01:06:15,890
tukio kama hilo, kama kuna baadhi ya
gridi ya umeme suala au like-- zote

1396
01:06:15,890 --> 01:06:20,240
wa kozi zetu 'data inaweza kwenda nje ya mkondo
kwa baadhi ya idadi ya dakika au masaa

1397
01:06:20,240 --> 01:06:21,600
au hata tena.

1398
01:06:21,600 --> 01:06:24,020
>> Lakini kiasi cha utata
ambao ungehitajika,

1399
01:06:24,020 --> 01:06:26,895
na kiasi cha fedha kwamba ingekuwa
atatakiwa, kuendesha kila kitu

1400
01:06:26,895 --> 01:06:31,420
katika sambamba katika Ulaya au katika California
tu haina mantiki sana.

1401
01:06:31,420 --> 01:06:35,080
Hivyo ni biashara mantiki
mbali, lakini moja chungu

1402
01:06:35,080 --> 01:06:37,740
wakati uko kweli
kuwa na kwamba downtime.

1403
01:06:37,740 --> 01:06:41,830
>> Naam, hebu mpito sasa hivi kwa
baadhi ya ufumbuzi wingu makao

1404
01:06:41,830 --> 01:06:43,320
kwa baadhi ya matatizo haya.

1405
01:06:43,320 --> 01:06:45,040
Kila kitu tumekuwa
kujadili hivi sasa

1406
01:06:45,040 --> 01:06:47,527
ni aina ya matatizo ambayo
wamekuwa na sisi kwa muda fulani,

1407
01:06:47,527 --> 01:06:49,610
kama una yako mwenyewe
seva katika kampuni yako,

1408
01:06:49,610 --> 01:06:52,740
kama wewe kwenda ushirikiano eneo
mahali kama kituo cha data na kushiriki

1409
01:06:52,740 --> 01:06:55,110
nafasi kwa mtu mwingine,
au siku hizi katika wingu.

1410
01:06:55,110 --> 01:06:57,040
>> Na nini ni nzuri kuhusu
wingu ni kwamba wote

1411
01:06:57,040 --> 01:06:59,540
mambo haya mimi nina
kuchora kama vitu halisi

1412
01:06:59,540 --> 01:07:02,400
sasa inaweza kuchukuliwa kama
aina ya vitu virtual

1413
01:07:02,400 --> 01:07:04,659
katika wingu kwamba ni
simulated na programu.

1414
01:07:04,659 --> 01:07:07,700
Kwa maneno mengine, kompyuta ya leo,
seva leo, kama Dell picha

1415
01:07:07,700 --> 01:07:11,720
Mimi ilionyesha mapema, ni kwa haraka sana, na
RAM sana, CPU sana, disk sana

1416
01:07:11,720 --> 01:07:16,140
nafasi, kwamba watu wameandika
programu ya kuhesabu karibu

1417
01:07:16,140 --> 01:07:21,130
server moja juu katika udanganyifu wa ni
kuwa watumishi wawili, au seva 200, hivyo

1418
01:07:21,130 --> 01:07:24,150
kwamba kila mmoja wetu wateja
ina udanganyifu wa kuwa na

1419
01:07:24,150 --> 01:07:29,110
sio tu akaunti kwenye baadhi ya mtandao
mwenyeji wa, lakini mashine zetu wenyewe kwamba tuko

1420
01:07:29,110 --> 01:07:30,490
kukodisha kutoka kwa mtu mwingine.

1421
01:07:30,490 --> 01:07:34,140
>> Lakini ni mashine virtual katika
hivyo mbali kama kwenye moja Dell server,

1422
01:07:34,140 --> 01:07:39,160
tena yapate partitioned juu katika
mashine mbili au 200 au zaidi virtual,

1423
01:07:39,160 --> 01:07:43,770
yote ambayo kumpa mtu kiutawala
upatikanaji, lakini katika njia ambapo hakuna hata mmoja wetu

1424
01:07:43,770 --> 01:07:48,040
anajua au wanaweza kupata nyingine virtual
mashine juu ya vifaa hivyo.

1425
01:07:48,040 --> 01:07:53,430
Hivyo kuchora picha katika slides leo,
Mimi hii risasi hapa kutoka kwenye tovuti

1426
01:07:53,430 --> 01:07:54,160
aitwaye Docker.

1427
01:07:54,160 --> 01:07:56,970
>> Hivyo hii ni kidogo zaidi
undani kuliko sisi kwa kweli wanahitaji.

1428
01:07:56,970 --> 01:07:59,830
Lakini kama wewe kuona hii kama
infrastructure-- yako

1429
01:07:59,830 --> 01:08:02,910
hivyo tu vifaa yako mwenyewe,
seva yako, racks, data

1430
01:08:02,910 --> 01:08:06,480
kituo cha, na wote wa that-- wewe ungekuwa
kawaida kukimbia jeshi mfumo wa uendeshaji.

1431
01:08:06,480 --> 01:08:08,275
Hivyo kitu kama inaweza kuwa Windows.

1432
01:08:08,275 --> 01:08:09,430
Itakuwa ni Mac OS.

1433
01:08:09,430 --> 01:08:11,430
Kwa sababu hiyo ni kweli
biashara siku hizi.

1434
01:08:11,430 --> 01:08:15,670
Hivyo itakuwa Linux au Solaris
au Unix au BSD au FreeBSD

1435
01:08:15,670 --> 01:08:19,779
au idadi yoyote ya mifumo mingine ya uendeshaji
ambayo ni aidha bure au kibiashara.

1436
01:08:19,779 --> 01:08:22,120
>> Na kisha kukimbia
mpango, mpango maalum,

1437
01:08:22,120 --> 01:08:26,479
aitwaye hypervisor, au
virtual mashine ya kufuatilia, VMM.

1438
01:08:26,479 --> 01:08:31,649
Na haya ndiyo bidhaa, kama wewe ni
utambuzi, kama VMware au VirtualBox

1439
01:08:31,649 --> 01:08:34,080
au Virtual PC au wengine.

1440
01:08:34,080 --> 01:08:38,430
Na nini programu hizo kufanya ni hasa
kipengele kwamba mimi ilivyoelezwa hapo awali.

1441
01:08:38,430 --> 01:08:41,779
Ni inajenga udanganyifu
kuwa mashine moja ya kimwili

1442
01:08:41,779 --> 01:08:44,550
inaweza kuwa mashine nyingi virtual.

1443
01:08:44,550 --> 01:08:48,260
>> Na hivyo masanduku hayo colorful juu juu ni
uchoraji picha yafuatayo.

1444
01:08:48,260 --> 01:08:50,260
hypervisor hii, hii
kipande cha programu, simu yake

1445
01:08:50,260 --> 01:08:54,090
VMware, mbio juu ya baadhi ya wengine
mfumo wa uendeshaji, simu yake Linux,

1446
01:08:54,090 --> 01:08:56,910
ni kujenga udanganyifu kwamba
kompyuta hii kimwili ni kweli

1447
01:08:56,910 --> 01:09:00,149
moja, mbili, tatu virtual kompyuta.

1448
01:09:00,149 --> 01:09:04,270
Hivyo nimekuwa sasa kununuliwa, kama mmiliki wa
hii vifaa, moja ya kompyuta kimwili.

1449
01:09:04,270 --> 01:09:06,200
Na sasa mimi nina kukodisha
kwa tatu wateja.

1450
01:09:06,200 --> 01:09:09,731
>> Na wale wateja tatu wote kufikiri
wana ari mashine virtual.

1451
01:09:09,731 --> 01:09:10,939
Na si bait na kubadili.

1452
01:09:10,939 --> 01:09:13,750
Ni zaidi ya kutoa taarifa kwamba
unatumia mashine virtual.

1453
01:09:13,750 --> 01:09:17,589
Lakini teknolojia ya, sisi wote
kuwa na udhibiti kamili ya kiutawala

1454
01:09:17,589 --> 01:09:19,880
zaidi ya kila moja ya hizo mgeni
mifumo ya uendeshaji, ambayo inaweza

1455
01:09:19,880 --> 01:09:21,370
kuwa idadi yoyote ya mifumo ya uendeshaji.

1456
01:09:21,370 --> 01:09:23,029
>> Siwezi kufunga kitu chochote nataka.

1457
01:09:23,029 --> 01:09:24,640
Siwezi kuboresha yake kama nataka.

1458
01:09:24,640 --> 01:09:27,470
Na mimi si hata kujua au
huduma kuhusu uendeshaji mengine

1459
01:09:27,470 --> 01:09:29,678
mifumo kwenye kompyuta hiyo,
mashine nyingine virtual,

1460
01:09:29,678 --> 01:09:35,290
isipokuwa mmiliki wa rangi hii yote
mambo ni kuwa kidogo tamaa

1461
01:09:35,290 --> 01:09:37,540
na ni overselling rasilimali zake.

1462
01:09:37,540 --> 01:09:40,800
>> Hivyo kama wewe ni kuchukua moja
mashine ya kimwili na kuiuza

1463
01:09:40,800 --> 01:09:44,399
na si 200 lakini 400
wateja, wakati fulani

1464
01:09:44,399 --> 01:09:47,270
tunakwenda safari katika wale
masuala huo utendaji kama kabla.

1465
01:09:47,270 --> 01:09:50,460
Sababu wewe tu na finite
kiasi cha disk na RAM na kadhalika.

1466
01:09:50,460 --> 01:09:53,450
Na mashine virtual
ni tu mpango kwamba ni

1467
01:09:53,450 --> 01:09:56,140
kujifanya kuwa
full fledged kompyuta.

1468
01:09:56,140 --> 01:09:58,040
Ili kupata nini kulipia hapa.

1469
01:09:58,040 --> 01:10:02,150
>> Hivyo itabidi kupata online unaweza kulipa
reputable kampuni labda $ 100 kwa mwezi

1470
01:10:02,150 --> 01:10:05,660
kwa mashine yako mwenyewe virtual, au
virtual yako mwenyewe binafsi server,

1471
01:10:05,660 --> 01:10:07,090
ambayo ni muda mwingine kwa ajili yake.

1472
01:10:07,090 --> 01:10:10,400
Au unaweza kupata baadhi ya inzi na
usiku ambapo kulipa $ 5.99 kwa mwezi

1473
01:10:10,400 --> 01:10:12,080
kwa mashine yako mwenyewe virtual.

1474
01:10:12,080 --> 01:10:15,614
Lakini ni tabia mbaya huna karibu
utendaji kadri inapatikana na wewe,

1475
01:10:15,614 --> 01:10:18,530
kwa sababu wao tumekuwa overselling ni
hivyo, kuliko wewe ungekuwa na ya juu

1476
01:10:18,530 --> 01:10:22,340
tier ya huduma au muuzaji bora.

1477
01:10:22,340 --> 01:10:24,590
>> Basi nini hii kwa kweli maana kwa ajili yetu?

1478
01:10:24,590 --> 01:10:26,110
Hivyo basi mimi kwenda na hili.

1479
01:10:26,110 --> 01:10:29,580
Mimi nina kwenda kwa aws.amazon.com.

1480
01:10:29,580 --> 01:10:31,590
Kwa sababu tu wana
orodha nzuri ya chaguzi.

1481
01:10:31,590 --> 01:10:34,700
Lakini masomo haya hiyo kuomba kwa
zima rundo la wachuuzi wengine wingu.

1482
01:10:34,700 --> 01:10:38,201
Kwa bahati mbaya, ni mara nyingi zaidi
masoko kusema kuliko kitu chochote.

1483
01:10:38,201 --> 01:10:39,200
Na hii anaendelea kubadilika.

1484
01:10:39,200 --> 01:10:41,820
Hivyo kwenda kwenye tovuti kama hii.

1485
01:10:41,820 --> 01:10:44,560
Na kwa kweli hii haina
kukuambia mengi ya kitu chochote.

1486
01:10:44,560 --> 01:10:47,780
>> Na hata mimi, kama mimi kuangalia hii, hawana
kweli kujua nini yoyote ya mambo haya

1487
01:10:47,780 --> 01:10:49,334
lazima kufanya mpaka mimi kupiga mbizi katika.

1488
01:10:49,334 --> 01:10:50,875
Lakini hebu kuanza upande wa kushoto, Compute.

1489
01:10:50,875 --> 01:10:52,980
Na mimi nina kwenda bonyeza hii.

1490
01:10:52,980 --> 01:10:56,960
Na sasa Amazon ina kusema ukweli
balaa idadi ya huduma

1491
01:10:56,960 --> 01:10:57,960
siku hizi.

1492
01:10:57,960 --> 01:11:01,040
Lakini Amazon EC2 ni labda rahisi.

1493
01:11:01,040 --> 01:11:05,840
>> Amazon EC2 itakuwa kujenga kwa ajili yetu hasa
picha tuliona wakati iliyopita.

1494
01:11:05,840 --> 01:11:10,240
Ni jinsi gani wao kufanya mengi ya
fedha zao katika wingu.

1495
01:11:10,240 --> 01:11:12,910
Inavyoonekana Netflix na wengine
ni katika wingu pamoja nao.

1496
01:11:12,910 --> 01:11:16,260
Hii yote ni kawaida
fluffy masoko kusema.

1497
01:11:16,260 --> 01:11:19,720
Kwa hiyo kile nataka kufanya ni kwenda Pricing--
au tuseme hebu kwenda Matukio

1498
01:11:19,720 --> 01:11:23,790
kwanza tu ya rangi picha ya hii.

1499
01:11:23,790 --> 01:11:25,800
>> Hivyo hii itakuwa kutofautiana na muuzaji.

1500
01:11:25,800 --> 01:11:29,590
Na hatuna haja ya kupata pia kina katika
Magugu hapa wa jinsi hii matendo yote.

1501
01:11:29,590 --> 01:11:34,720
Lakini njia Amazon, kwa mfano,
kodi wewe mashine virtual au server

1502
01:11:34,720 --> 01:11:37,200
katika wingu ni wao nimepata
hizi aina ya majina funny,

1503
01:11:37,200 --> 01:11:41,000
kama t2.nano, ambayo ina maana ndogo,
au t2.large, ambayo ina maana kubwa.

1504
01:11:41,000 --> 01:11:43,970
Kila mmoja wao anatoa ama
moja au mbili virtual CPUs.

1505
01:11:43,970 --> 01:11:45,470
>> Kwa nini ni CPU virtual?

1506
01:11:45,470 --> 01:11:49,440
Naam, mashine ya kimwili nguvu
64 au zaidi CPUs halisi.

1507
01:11:49,440 --> 01:11:52,125
Lakini tena, kupitia programu,
wao kujenga udanganyifu

1508
01:11:52,125 --> 01:11:55,410
kwamba kwamba mashine mtu anaweza kuwa
divvied up kwa watumiaji mbalimbali.

1509
01:11:55,410 --> 01:11:58,765
Hivyo tunaweza kufikiri ya hii kama
kuwa moja Intel CPU au mbili.

1510
01:11:58,765 --> 01:12:01,290
mikopo CPU per hour-- napenda
na kusoma magazeti faini

1511
01:12:01,290 --> 01:12:02,581
kama yale hii kwa kweli ina maana.

1512
01:12:02,581 --> 01:12:05,850
Ina maana kiasi gani ya mashine
unaweza kutumia kwa saa vis-a-vis

1513
01:12:05,850 --> 01:12:07,730
wateja wengine juu ya vifaa kwamba.

1514
01:12:07,730 --> 01:12:11,560
>> Hapa ni RAM kiasi gani au kumbukumbu wewe
get-- aidha nusu gigabyte, au 500

1515
01:12:11,560 --> 01:12:14,120
megabytes, au 1 gigabyte, au 2.

1516
01:12:14,120 --> 01:12:17,390
Na kisha kuhifadhi tu inahusu
ni aina gani ya disks wao kukupa.

1517
01:12:17,390 --> 01:12:19,950
Kuna kuhifadhi tofauti
teknolojia kwamba wao kutoa.

1518
01:12:19,950 --> 01:12:22,870
Lakini ya kuvutia zaidi kuliko huu
kisha inaweza kuwa bei.

1519
01:12:22,870 --> 01:12:25,860
>> Hivyo kama wewe ni CTO au
mhandisi ambaye hana

1520
01:12:25,860 --> 01:12:28,420
unataka kukimbia server katika yako
ofisi, kwa sababu yoyote,

1521
01:12:28,420 --> 01:12:30,230
na ni njia pia
ngumu au ghali

1522
01:12:30,230 --> 01:12:33,930
kununua servrar na ushirikiano Machapisho yao na
kulipa kodi katika baadhi ya ngome nafasi ya kimwili

1523
01:12:33,930 --> 01:12:36,670
somewhere-- unataka tu kukaa
katika Laptop yako mwishoni mwa usiku,

1524
01:12:36,670 --> 01:12:40,480
aina katika kadi yako ya habari,
na kodi watumishi katika cloud-- vizuri,

1525
01:12:40,480 --> 01:12:41,920
tunaweza kufanya hivyo hapa.

1526
01:12:41,920 --> 01:12:45,769
Mimi nina kwenda chini to-- Linux
ni mfumo maarufu wa uendeshaji.

1527
01:12:45,769 --> 01:12:47,310
Na hebu tu kupata hisia ya mambo.

1528
01:12:47,310 --> 01:12:48,990
Whoops-- kubwa mno.

1529
01:12:48,990 --> 01:12:53,670
>> Hivyo hebu tuangalie tiniest yao
virtual mashine, ambayo inaonekana kuwa na,

1530
01:12:53,670 --> 01:12:57,440
kwa madhumuni yetu, moja CPU
na 500 megabytes ya RAM.

1531
01:12:57,440 --> 01:12:58,440
Hiyo ni pretty ndogo.

1532
01:12:58,440 --> 01:13:00,820
Lakini kusema ukweli, Sava hawana
haja ya kufanya yote kwamba mengi.

1533
01:13:00,820 --> 01:13:02,630
Una specs bora katika Laptop yako.

1534
01:13:02,630 --> 01:13:04,990
Lakini huna haja wale
specs siku hizi kwa ajili ya mambo.

1535
01:13:04,990 --> 01:13:11,490
Wewe ni kwenda kulipa $ 0.0065 kwa saa.

1536
01:13:11,490 --> 01:13:12,080
>> Basi hebu angalia.

1537
01:13:12,080 --> 01:13:15,970
Kama kuna masaa 24 kwa siku, na
sisi ni kulipa kiasi hiki kwa saa,

1538
01:13:15,970 --> 01:13:20,680
ni gharama $ 0.15 kwa kodi ya kwamba
Hasa server katika wingu.

1539
01:13:20,680 --> 01:13:22,210
Na kwamba tu kwa siku.

1540
01:13:22,210 --> 01:13:27,050
Kama tukifanya hivi 365-- $ 57 hadi
kodi kwamba server fulani.

1541
01:13:27,050 --> 01:13:28,420
Hivyo inaonekana super nafuu.

1542
01:13:28,420 --> 01:13:31,100
>> Hiyo pia super Asili utendaji.

1543
01:13:31,100 --> 01:13:37,169
Hali kadhalika ingawa sisi kwa ajili ya kozi mimi kufundisha hapa, huwa
kutumia Nadhani t2.smalls au t2.mediums.

1544
01:13:37,169 --> 01:13:39,960
Na tupate kuwa na mia kadhaa
watumiaji, elfu chache watumiaji, jumla.

1545
01:13:39,960 --> 01:13:40,900
Ni pretty kawaida.

1546
01:13:40,900 --> 01:13:42,360
Basi hebu angalia nini hii ingekuwa gharama.

1547
01:13:42,360 --> 01:13:49,260
Hivyo kama mimi kufanya hivyo mara gharama 24
masaa mara 365, hii moja ya $ 225.

1548
01:13:49,260 --> 01:13:51,160
Na kwa ajili ya kozi
Mimi kufundisha, sisi ujumla

1549
01:13:51,160 --> 01:13:54,970
kukimbia wawili wa kila kitu, kwa
redundancy na pia kwa ajili ya utendaji.

1550
01:13:54,970 --> 01:13:59,230
Hivyo tupate kutumia, kwa hiyo,
$ 500 kwa ajili seva

1551
01:13:59,230 --> 01:14:00,860
ili tupate haja kwa mwaka.

1552
01:14:00,860 --> 01:14:05,210
>> Sasa, kama unahitaji zaidi performance--
hebu tuangalie kumbukumbu.

1553
01:14:05,210 --> 01:14:06,810
Tumekuwa kuongelea kumbukumbu kidogo kabisa.

1554
01:14:06,810 --> 01:14:09,330
Na kama huna haja zaidi
memory-- na 64 gigabytes

1555
01:14:09,330 --> 01:14:12,310
ni namba mimi naendelea mentioning--
hii ni karibu $ 1 per saa.

1556
01:14:12,310 --> 01:14:16,180
Na unaweza pretty haraka kuona ambapo
hii goes-- hivyo masaa 24 mara 365.

1557
01:14:16,180 --> 01:14:20,580
Hivyo sasa ni $ 8,000 kwa kila mwaka
kwa server pretty heshima.

1558
01:14:20,580 --> 01:14:23,010
>> Hivyo wakati fulani, kuna
hatua hii inflection

1559
01:14:23,010 --> 01:14:29,510
ambapo sasa tunaweza kutumia $ 6,000
pengine na kununua mashine kama hiyo

1560
01:14:29,510 --> 01:14:33,800
na amortize gharama yake juu ya labda mbili,
miaka mitatu, maisha ya mashine.

1561
01:14:33,800 --> 01:14:38,880
Lakini nini inaweza kushinikiza wewe katika
upendeleo au karaha ya kukodisha

1562
01:14:38,880 --> 01:14:41,230
mashine katika wingu kama hii?

1563
01:14:41,230 --> 01:14:44,110
Tena, hii ni kulinganishwa, pengine,
na mmoja wa watumishi hao Dell

1564
01:14:44,110 --> 01:14:47,208
tuliona picha bit iliyopita.

1565
01:14:47,208 --> 01:14:51,016
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

1566
01:14:51,016 --> 01:14:54,350

1567
01:14:54,350 --> 01:14:56,190
>> DAVID Malan: Yeah, hiyo ni suala la mafanikio makubwa.

1568
01:14:56,190 --> 01:14:58,640
Kwa sababu sisi siyo kununua
mashine, hatuna kwa Unbox yake.

1569
01:14:58,640 --> 01:14:59,600
Hatuna kuinua yake.

1570
01:14:59,600 --> 01:15:01,110
Hatuna kwa kuziba ndani rack yetu.

1571
01:15:01,110 --> 01:15:02,080
Hatuna kuziba katika.

1572
01:15:02,080 --> 01:15:03,140
Hatuna kulipa
umeme muswada huo.

1573
01:15:03,140 --> 01:15:05,120
>> Hatuna kugeuka
hali ya hewa juu ya.

1574
01:15:05,120 --> 01:15:07,620
Wakati gari ngumu akifa, hatuna
kuendesha gari katika katikati ya usiku

1575
01:15:07,620 --> 01:15:08,172
kurekebisha.

1576
01:15:08,172 --> 01:15:09,630
Hatuna kuanzisha ufuatiliaji.

1577
01:15:09,630 --> 01:15:13,750
Hatuna to-- orodha inaendelea
na juu ya yote ya mambo ya kimwili

1578
01:15:13,750 --> 01:15:15,810
huna haja ya kufanya
kwa sababu ya "wingu."

1579
01:15:15,810 --> 01:15:18,620
>> Na kwa kuwa wazi, kompyuta wingu
ni hii mrefu kupita kiasi sana.

1580
01:15:18,620 --> 01:15:22,790
Ni kweli tu ina maana kulipa mtu
mwingine kuendesha servrar kwa ajili yenu,

1581
01:15:22,790 --> 01:15:25,300
au kukodisha nafasi kwenye
seva ya mtu mwingine.

1582
01:15:25,300 --> 01:15:27,110
Hivyo neno "wingu kompyuta" ni mpya.

1583
01:15:27,110 --> 01:15:30,260
Wazo ni umri wa miongo kadhaa.

1584
01:15:30,260 --> 01:15:32,070
Hivyo hiyo ni pretty kulazimisha.

1585
01:15:32,070 --> 01:15:33,960
>> Na nini zaidi unaweza kupata?

1586
01:15:33,960 --> 01:15:38,287
Naam, wewe pia kupata uwezo wa
kufanya kila kitu juu ya mbali nyumbani.

1587
01:15:38,287 --> 01:15:40,620
Kwa maneno mengine, yote ya
picha Nilikuwa tu drawing--

1588
01:15:40,620 --> 01:15:44,010
na haikuwa kwamba muda mrefu uliopita kwamba hata
Mimi nilikuwa kutambaa kuzunguka sakafuni server

1589
01:15:44,010 --> 01:15:46,680
plugging nyaya katika kwa
kila ya mistari kwamba unaweza kuona,

1590
01:15:46,680 --> 01:15:49,590
na kuwaendeleza uendeshaji
mifumo, na kubadilisha anatoa kote.

1591
01:15:49,590 --> 01:15:51,610
Kuna mengi ya
physicality kwa yote hayo.

1592
01:15:51,610 --> 01:15:55,300
>> Lakini nini nzuri kuhusu virtual
mashine, kama jina aina ya unaonyesha,

1593
01:15:55,300 --> 01:15:57,600
sasa kuna mtandao msingi
interfaces ambapo

1594
01:15:57,600 --> 01:15:59,900
kama unataka sawa
ya mstari kutoka server hii

1595
01:15:59,900 --> 01:16:03,959
na mwingine, aina tu, aina, aina,
click na Drag, bonyeza Kuwasilisha, na voilà,

1596
01:16:03,959 --> 01:16:05,250
una hiyo wired up karibu.

1597
01:16:05,250 --> 01:16:07,235
Kwa sababu ni yote kufanyika katika programu.

1598
01:16:07,235 --> 01:16:09,110
Na sababu ni kosa
katika programu ni tena

1599
01:16:09,110 --> 01:16:12,650
kwa sababu tuna RAM sana na hivyo
CPU sana kwa ajili yetu siku hizi,

1600
01:16:12,650 --> 01:16:14,880
ingawa yote ya
mambo ambayo inachukua muda,

1601
01:16:14,880 --> 01:16:18,450
ni polepole kuendesha mambo
katika programu ya vifaa,

1602
01:16:18,450 --> 01:16:23,710
tu kama ni polepole kutumia mitambo
kifaa kama gari ngumu kuliko RAM,

1603
01:16:23,710 --> 01:16:25,190
kitu rena elektroniki.

1604
01:16:25,190 --> 01:16:27,490
Tuna rasilimali nyingi
kwa ajili yetu.

1605
01:16:27,490 --> 01:16:29,920
Sisi binadamu ni aina ya invariantly polepole.

1606
01:16:29,920 --> 01:16:33,840
Na hivyo sasa mashine wanaweza kufanya
hivyo zaidi kwa kitengo cha wakati.

1607
01:16:33,840 --> 01:16:36,640
Tuna uwezo haya
kufanya mambo karibu.

1608
01:16:36,640 --> 01:16:39,120
>> Nami kusema kwa kozi
Mimi kufundisha, kwa mfano, hapa,

1609
01:16:39,120 --> 01:16:43,464
tuna kuhusu labda kadhaa au
hivyo jumla ya mashine virtual

1610
01:16:43,464 --> 01:16:45,880
kama kwamba mbio katika wowote
muda kufanya mbele ya mwisho stuff,

1611
01:16:45,880 --> 01:16:47,620
kufanya nyuma mwisho mambo ya ajabu.

1612
01:16:47,620 --> 01:16:50,237
Tuna yote ya kuhifadhi yetu.

1613
01:16:50,237 --> 01:16:52,820
Hivyo videos yoyote, ikiwa ni pamoja na mambo
kama hii kwamba sisi ni risasi,

1614
01:16:52,820 --> 01:16:54,330
sisi kuishia kuweka katika wingu.

1615
01:16:54,330 --> 01:16:58,710
Amazon ina huduma inayoitwa Amazon S3,
kuhifadhi zao huduma rahisi, ambayo

1616
01:16:58,710 --> 01:17:00,397
ni kama disk nafasi katika wingu.

1617
01:17:00,397 --> 01:17:02,230
Wana kitu
aitwaye CloudFront, ambayo

1618
01:17:02,230 --> 01:17:06,040
ni CDN huduma, maudhui
Delivery Network huduma, ambayo

1619
01:17:06,040 --> 01:17:10,190
ina maana wao kuchukua wote wa files yako na
kwa ajili yenu automagically kuiga ni

1620
01:17:10,190 --> 01:17:11,290
duniani kote.

1621
01:17:11,290 --> 01:17:12,780
>> Hivyo hawana kufanya hivyo preemptively.

1622
01:17:12,780 --> 01:17:15,159
Lakini mara ya kwanza mtu
katika India maombi faili yako,

1623
01:17:15,159 --> 01:17:16,700
wao itabidi uwezekano itaiakibisha ndani.

1624
01:17:16,700 --> 01:17:19,325
mara ya kwanza katika China,
mara ya kwanza katika Brazil hiyo ikitokea,

1625
01:17:19,325 --> 01:17:20,880
wao itabidi kuanza Caching ni ndani ya nchi.

1626
01:17:20,880 --> 01:17:22,730
Na huna kufanya yoyote ya kwamba.

1627
01:17:22,730 --> 01:17:26,710
Na hivyo ni hivyo incredibly
kulazimisha siku hizi kwa hoja mambo

1628
01:17:26,710 --> 01:17:27,890
katika wingu.

1629
01:17:27,890 --> 01:17:31,890
Kwa sababu una uwezo huu literally
kwa kuwa na binadamu kufanya karibu kama vile

1630
01:17:31,890 --> 01:17:32,390
kazi.

1631
01:17:32,390 --> 01:17:35,930
Na wewe literally hawana haja ya kama wengi
binadamu kufanya kazi hizi anymore--

1632
01:17:35,930 --> 01:17:38,450
"Ops," au majukumu ya uendeshaji, tena.

1633
01:17:38,450 --> 01:17:43,150
Wewe kweli tu haja
watengenezaji na wahandisi wachache

1634
01:17:43,150 --> 01:17:44,840
ambao wanaweza tu kufanya mambo karibu.

1635
01:17:44,840 --> 01:17:46,590
Kwa kweli, tu kutoa
hisia ya hii,

1636
01:17:46,590 --> 01:17:51,800
napenda kwenda bei kwa ajili ya
bidhaa nyingine moja hapa.

1637
01:17:51,800 --> 01:17:58,170
Hebu angalia kitu kama CDN S3.

1638
01:17:58,170 --> 01:18:01,140
Hivyo hii ni kimsingi
virtual kuendesha gari kwa bidii katika wingu.

1639
01:18:01,140 --> 01:18:14,360
Na kama sisi kitabu chini ya pricing--
hivyo ni 0.007 $ per gigabyte.

1640
01:18:14,360 --> 01:18:16,300
Na that's-- jinsi gani sisi kufanya hili?

1641
01:18:16,300 --> 01:18:17,410
Nadhani hiyo ni kwa mwezi.

1642
01:18:17,410 --> 01:18:21,530
>> Hivyo kama hiyo ni kwa month-- au kwa siku?

1643
01:18:21,530 --> 01:18:23,200
Dan, ni hii kwa siku?

1644
01:18:23,200 --> 01:18:24,700
Hii ni kwa mwezi, OK.

1645
01:18:24,700 --> 01:18:28,280
Hivyo kama hii ni kwa month--
pole, ni $ 0.03 kwa mwezi.

1646
01:18:28,280 --> 01:18:29,820
Kuna miezi 12 kati ya mwaka.

1647
01:18:29,820 --> 01:18:32,250
Hivyo ni kiasi gani data wapate
kuhifadhi katika wingu?

1648
01:18:32,250 --> 01:18:37,410
gigabyte si kubwa, lakini mimi
sijui, kama 1 terabyte,

1649
01:18:37,410 --> 01:18:38,460
hivyo kama 1,000 wa wale.

1650
01:18:38,460 --> 01:18:39,501
Hiyo si yote kwamba mengi.

1651
01:18:39,501 --> 01:18:44,382
Ni $ 368 kwa kuhifadhi terabyte
ya data katika wingu Amazon.

1652
01:18:44,382 --> 01:18:46,090
Kwa hiyo kile ni baadhi ya
awamu ya pili ya biashara, basi?

1653
01:18:46,090 --> 01:18:47,970
Ni hawawezi wote kuwa nzuri.

1654
01:18:47,970 --> 01:18:52,260
Hakuna kitu tumekuwa aliyesema kuhusu leo ​​ni
aina ya bila samaki au gharama.

1655
01:18:52,260 --> 01:18:55,269
Basi nini mbaya kuhusu kuhamia
kila kitu katika wingu?

1656
01:18:55,269 --> 01:18:56,060
Watazamaji: Usalama.

1657
01:18:56,060 --> 01:18:57,721
DAVID Malan: OK, nini maana?

1658
01:18:57,721 --> 01:18:58,596
Watazamaji: [inaudible]

1659
01:18:58,596 --> 01:19:01,589

1660
01:19:01,589 --> 01:19:02,630
DAVID Malan: Yeah, haki.

1661
01:19:02,630 --> 01:19:05,130
Na je kweli wanataka
baadhi ya wahandisi random

1662
01:19:05,130 --> 01:19:08,750
katika Amazon kwamba hutaweza kukutana kuwa
kimwili kupata kompyuta hizo,

1663
01:19:08,750 --> 01:19:11,010
na kama kweli
alitaka, upatikanaji virtual?

1664
01:19:11,010 --> 01:19:15,070
Na hata kama katika
nadharia software-- vizuri,

1665
01:19:15,070 --> 01:19:17,442
encryption unaweza kabisa
kulinda wewe dhidi ya hili.

1666
01:19:17,442 --> 01:19:19,150
Hivyo kama nini wewe
kuhifadhi kwenye seva yako

1667
01:19:19,150 --> 01:19:21,470
ni encrypted-- chini ya wasiwasi.

1668
01:19:21,470 --> 01:19:25,010
>> Lakini kwa haraka kama binadamu ana kimwili
upatikanaji wa mashine, encryption kando,

1669
01:19:25,010 --> 01:19:26,100
bets wote ni aina ya mbali.

1670
01:19:26,100 --> 01:19:28,240
Unaweza kujua kutoka yesteryear
kwamba PC hasa,

1671
01:19:28,240 --> 01:19:30,360
hata kama alikuwa na mambo hayo
inayoitwa "BIOS nywila,"

1672
01:19:30,360 --> 01:19:33,360
walikuwa wakati desktop yako booted up,
wewe d kuwa ilisababisha kwa siri kwamba

1673
01:19:33,360 --> 01:19:35,980
ina kitu cha kufanya na
Madirisha, unaweza kawaida

1674
01:19:35,980 --> 01:19:39,750
tu kufungua chassis ya
mashine, kutafuta vidogo pini kidogo,

1675
01:19:39,750 --> 01:19:42,240
na kutumia kitu kinachoitwa
jumper na tu kuungana

1676
01:19:42,240 --> 01:19:45,690
wale nyaya mbili kwa kuhusu pili,
hivyo kukamilisha mzunguko.

1677
01:19:45,690 --> 01:19:47,360
Na kwamba bila kuondoa password.

1678
01:19:47,360 --> 01:19:49,800
>> Hivyo wakati una kimwili kupata
kifaa, unaweza kufanya mambo kama hayo.

1679
01:19:49,800 --> 01:19:51,110
Unaweza kuondoa gari ngumu.

1680
01:19:51,110 --> 01:19:53,060
Unaweza kupata huduma kwa njia hiyo.

1681
01:19:53,060 --> 01:19:55,442
Na hivyo hii ni kwa nini, katika
kesi ya Dropbox,

1682
01:19:55,442 --> 01:19:57,900
kwa mfano, ni kidogo
inatia mashaka kwamba si tu kufanya wao

1683
01:19:57,900 --> 01:20:02,860
na data, hata kama ni
encrypted, pia kuwa muhimu.

1684
01:20:02,860 --> 01:20:04,993
wasiwasi nyingine?

1685
01:20:04,993 --> 01:20:08,430
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

1686
01:20:08,430 --> 01:20:27,740

1687
01:20:27,740 --> 01:20:30,240
DAVID Malan: Yeah, ni sana
true-- Googles, Apples,

1688
01:20:30,240 --> 01:20:31,406
Microsofts ya dunia.

1689
01:20:31,406 --> 01:20:34,400
Na kwa kweli, kwa muda gani na
alikuwa iPhone yako kwa?

1690
01:20:34,400 --> 01:20:35,885
Yeah, kutoa au kuchukua.

1691
01:20:35,885 --> 01:20:36,760
Watazamaji: [inaudible]

1692
01:20:36,760 --> 01:20:37,780
DAVID Malan: Mimi nasikitika?

1693
01:20:37,780 --> 01:20:39,667
Wewe ni miongoni mwa wale ambao
ina iPhone, haki?

1694
01:20:39,667 --> 01:20:40,250
Watazamaji: Ndiyo.

1695
01:20:40,250 --> 01:20:42,208
DAVID Malan: Ni kwa muda gani
umekuwa na iPhone yako?

1696
01:20:42,208 --> 01:20:43,372
Watazamaji: [inaudible]

1697
01:20:43,372 --> 01:20:45,080
DAVID Malan: OK, hivyo
Apple literally anajua

1698
01:20:45,080 --> 01:20:49,030
ambapo tumekuwa kila saa ya
siku kwa miaka mitano iliyopita.

1699
01:20:49,030 --> 01:20:51,112
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

1700
01:20:51,112 --> 01:20:54,626

1701
01:20:54,626 --> 01:20:56,375
DAVID Malan: Ni ni
kipengele ajabu.

1702
01:20:56,375 --> 01:20:57,860
Watazamaji: [inaudible]

1703
01:20:57,860 --> 01:21:00,875
DAVID Malan: Yeah, lakini
biashara mbali kwa uhakika.

1704
01:21:00,875 --> 01:21:01,750
Watazamaji: [inaudible]

1705
01:21:01,750 --> 01:21:04,720

1706
01:21:04,720 --> 01:21:07,813
>> DAVID Malan: Yeah, ni rahisi sana.

1707
01:21:07,813 --> 01:21:08,688
Watazamaji: [inaudible]

1708
01:21:08,688 --> 01:21:12,040

1709
01:21:12,040 --> 01:21:13,248
DAVID Malan: downsides nyingine?

1710
01:21:13,248 --> 01:21:16,995
Watazamaji: [inaudible]

1711
01:21:16,995 --> 01:21:26,151

1712
01:21:26,151 --> 01:21:27,900
DAVID Malan: Absolutely--
tekniskt,

1713
01:21:27,900 --> 01:21:31,550
kiuchumi, ni pretty kulazimisha
aina ya kupata uchumi wa wadogo hawa

1714
01:21:31,550 --> 01:21:33,579
na hoja kila kitu katika
kinachojulikana wingu.

1715
01:21:33,579 --> 01:21:35,870
Lakini pengine hawana wanataka
kwenda na baadhi ya kubwa

1716
01:21:35,870 --> 01:21:39,380
samaki, Amazons, Googles,
Microsofts-- Rackspace ni pretty big--

1717
01:21:39,380 --> 01:21:42,200
na wengine wachache, na si
lazima kuruka kwa folks usiku

1718
01:21:42,200 --> 01:21:45,640
ambao ni rahisi sana kufanya
aina hii ya mbinu siku hizi.

1719
01:21:45,640 --> 01:21:49,140
Na kwamba ni kukusaidieni
kulipa $ 5.99 kwa mwezi kwa.

1720
01:21:49,140 --> 01:21:50,890
Lakini utasikia hakika
kupata nini kulipia.

1721
01:21:50,890 --> 01:21:54,014
>> Unaposema [inaudible], kwamba wakati
mambo kama nines hizi tano kuja,

1722
01:21:54,014 --> 01:21:58,017
ambapo hata kama tekniskt
hatuwezi kwa kweli kuhakikisha 99.999,

1723
01:21:58,017 --> 01:22:00,350
tutaweza tu kujenga katika aina fulani
hukumu ya mkataba

1724
01:22:00,350 --> 01:22:03,910
ili kwamba kama hiyo haina kutokea, angalau
kuna baadhi ya gharama kwetu, muuzaji.

1725
01:22:03,910 --> 01:22:07,950
Na kwamba ni nini wewe ungekuwa kawaida
kuwa kupata yao kukubaliana.

1726
01:22:07,950 --> 01:22:09,590
>> Watazamaji: [inaudible]

1727
01:22:09,590 --> 01:22:12,290
>> DAVID Malan: Na
moja aina ya baraka

1728
01:22:12,290 --> 01:22:15,630
ni kwamba hata wakati sisi kwenda chini, kwa
mfano, au hata baadhi ya makampuni,

1729
01:22:15,630 --> 01:22:17,800
Ukweli ni Amazon,
kwa mfano, ina mengi

1730
01:22:17,800 --> 01:22:21,780
darn wateja, maalumu wateja,
kazi nje ya baadhi ya vituo vya data

1731
01:22:21,780 --> 01:22:26,224
kwamba wakati kitu kweli huenda vibaya,
kama matendo ya Mungu na hali ya hewa na vile,

1732
01:22:26,224 --> 01:22:29,390
kama kuna aina yoyote ya bitana fedha,
ni kwamba uko katika kampuni nzuri sana.

1733
01:22:29,390 --> 01:22:30,680
tovuti yako inaweza kuwa offline.

1734
01:22:30,680 --> 01:22:32,750
Lakini hivyo ni kama nusu ya
maarufu internet.

1735
01:22:32,750 --> 01:22:36,230
Na hivyo ni arguably kidogo
mazuri zaidi kwa wateja wako

1736
01:22:36,230 --> 01:22:38,780
ikiwa ni zaidi ya biashara
Jambo kuliko kitu acme.com.

1737
01:22:38,780 --> 01:22:41,780
Lakini hiyo ni kidogo ya kudanganya.

1738
01:22:41,780 --> 01:22:46,740
>> Hivyo katika suala la mambo mengine kuangalia,
hivyo tu kwamba hatuna utawala wa nje wengine,

1739
01:22:46,740 --> 01:22:51,210
ukienda upande wa Microsoft Azure, wao
kuwa wote Linux na Windows mambo

1740
01:22:51,210 --> 01:22:53,190
hiyo ni kulinganishwa na Amazon.

1741
01:22:53,190 --> 01:22:57,540
Kama wewe kwenda Compute Engine Google,
wana kitu sawa kama vizuri.

1742
01:22:57,540 --> 01:23:00,500
Na tu kwa pande zote nje
sadaka hizi wingu,

1743
01:23:00,500 --> 01:23:02,762
Mimi itabidi kufanya kutaja ya jambo moja nyingine.

1744
01:23:02,762 --> 01:23:04,720
Hii ni tovuti maarufu
hiyo ni mwakilishi

1745
01:23:04,720 --> 01:23:08,590
ya darasa ya teknolojia.

1746
01:23:08,590 --> 01:23:12,350
sisi ndio tu aliyesema
kuhusu, Amazon, itakuwa IaaS,

1747
01:23:12,350 --> 01:23:17,150
Miundombinu As Service, ambapo
aina ya vifaa kimwili kama huduma.

1748
01:23:17,150 --> 01:23:18,757
Kuna Mustafa.

1749
01:23:18,757 --> 01:23:20,090
Kweli, basi mimi hata nukta hizi chini.

1750
01:23:20,090 --> 01:23:23,290

1751
01:23:23,290 --> 01:23:28,190
>> IAAS-- Miundombinu
Kama Service, Mustafa,

1752
01:23:28,190 --> 01:23:31,870
na PAAS, ambayo ni
Vifupisho inashangaza utata

1753
01:23:31,870 --> 01:23:34,400
ambayo hayana kuelezea tatu
aina mbalimbali ya mambo.

1754
01:23:34,400 --> 01:23:36,400
Na Vifupisho wenyewe
si kweli jambo.

1755
01:23:36,400 --> 01:23:38,360
Hii yote ni ya wingu mambo
sisi been tu kuzungumza juu,

1756
01:23:38,360 --> 01:23:41,570
ngazi ya chini stuff,
virtualization wa vifaa na kuhifadhi

1757
01:23:41,570 --> 01:23:44,890
katika wingu kinachojulikana, kama ni
Amazon, Microsoft, Google, au nyingine.

1758
01:23:44,890 --> 01:23:47,270
>> Programu kama service--
sisi sote aina ya kutumia hii.

1759
01:23:47,270 --> 01:23:49,810
Kama matumizi ya Google Apps
kwa Gmail au calendaring,

1760
01:23:49,810 --> 01:23:52,530
yoyote ya hizi mtandao msingi
Miaka maombi kwamba 10 iliyopita sisi

1761
01:23:52,530 --> 01:23:55,560
ingekuwa icons mbili clicked juu ya
desktop yetu, programu kama huduma

1762
01:23:55,560 --> 01:23:57,400
sasa ni kweli maombi ya mtandao.

1763
01:23:57,400 --> 01:24:00,110
Na jukwaa kama
huduma ya aina ya inategemea.

1764
01:24:00,110 --> 01:24:03,140
>> Na mfano mmoja mimi nitakupa hapa
katika mazingira ya wingu computing--

1765
01:24:03,140 --> 01:24:06,250
kuna kampuni moja ambayo kabisa
maarufu siku hizi, Heroku.

1766
01:24:06,250 --> 01:24:08,940
Na wao ni huduma,
jukwaa, kama wewe,

1767
01:24:08,940 --> 01:24:11,730
kwamba anaendesha juu ya
Amazon miundombinu.

1768
01:24:11,730 --> 01:24:15,800
Na wao tu kufanya hivyo hata rahisi
kwa watengenezaji na wahandisi

1769
01:24:15,800 --> 01:24:18,330
kupata mtandao makao maombi online.

1770
01:24:18,330 --> 01:24:22,170
>> Ni maumivu, awali, kwa kutumia
Amazon Huduma za mtandao na mambo mengine.

1771
01:24:22,170 --> 01:24:24,170
Kwa sababu wewe kweli kuwa
kujua na kuelewa

1772
01:24:24,170 --> 01:24:27,617
kuhusu database na servrar mtandao na
mzigo balancers na mambo yote

1773
01:24:27,617 --> 01:24:28,450
Mimi tu kuongelea.

1774
01:24:28,450 --> 01:24:32,780
Kwa sababu wote Amazon amefanya ni si
siri changamoto hizo design.

1775
01:24:32,780 --> 01:24:35,790
Wameweza tu virtualized yao
na hoja yao katika browser,

1776
01:24:35,790 --> 01:24:37,770
katika programu badala ya vifaa.

1777
01:24:37,770 --> 01:24:43,020
>> Lakini makampuni kama Heroku na wengine
PAAS watoa huduma, Baraza As Service,

1778
01:24:43,020 --> 01:24:46,900
wanatumia wale misingi barebone
kwamba sisi tu kuongelea,

1779
01:24:46,900 --> 01:24:50,340
na wao kujenga rahisi
kutumia programu juu yake

1780
01:24:50,340 --> 01:24:54,241
ili kwamba kama unataka kupata mtandao msingi
maombi online siku hizi,

1781
01:24:54,241 --> 01:24:55,990
wewe hakika kuwa na
kujua jinsi ya mpango.

1782
01:24:55,990 --> 01:25:00,280
Unahitaji kujua Java au chatu au PHP
au Ruby au kundi la lugha nyingine.

1783
01:25:00,280 --> 01:25:02,180
>> Lakini pia unahitaji mahali pa kuiweka.

1784
01:25:02,180 --> 01:25:04,790
Na sisi aliyesema mapema kuhusu
kupata kampuni mtandao mwenyeji.

1785
01:25:04,790 --> 01:25:08,630
Hiyo ni aina ya kama katikati ya miaka ya 2000
mbinu ya kupata kitu online.

1786
01:25:08,630 --> 01:25:12,140
Siku hizi unaweza badala kulipa mtu
kama Heroku dola chache kwa mwezi.

1787
01:25:12,140 --> 01:25:15,370
Na kimsingi, mara moja umefanya
amefanya baadhi Configuration ya awali,

1788
01:25:15,370 --> 01:25:18,704
update tovuti yako, wewe
tu aina ya amri katika dirisha.

1789
01:25:18,704 --> 01:25:21,370
Na chochote kificho umefanya imeandikwa
hapa juu ya mbali mara moja

1790
01:25:21,370 --> 01:25:24,350
anapata kusambazwa kwa idadi yoyote
ya watumishi katika wingu.

1791
01:25:24,350 --> 01:25:26,440
>> Na Heroku inachukua huduma ya
zote za utata.

1792
01:25:26,440 --> 01:25:28,930
Wao takwimu database zote
mambo, kila mzigo kusawazisha,

1793
01:25:28,930 --> 01:25:31,480
yote ya maumivu ya kichwa kwamba tumekuwa
tu yameandikwa juu ya bodi,

1794
01:25:31,480 --> 01:25:33,320
na kujificha yote ya kwamba kwa ajili yenu.

1795
01:25:33,320 --> 01:25:36,170
Na katika kurudi, wewe tu
kuwalipa kidogo zaidi.

1796
01:25:36,170 --> 01:25:39,810
Hivyo kuwa miundombinu haya kama
huduma, majukwaa kama huduma,

1797
01:25:39,810 --> 01:25:41,400
na kisha programu kama huduma.

1798
01:25:41,400 --> 01:25:45,390
Ni, tena, hii
uchukuaji au layering.

1799
01:25:45,390 --> 01:25:51,187
>> Maswali yoyote juu ya wingu au
ujenzi wa miundombinu ya mtu mwenyewe?

1800
01:25:51,187 --> 01:25:52,270
Yote ya haki, kwamba ilikuwa mengi.

1801
01:25:52,270 --> 01:25:54,200
Mbona sisi kwenda mbele na
kuchukua yetu 15 dakika kuvunja hapa.

1802
01:25:54,200 --> 01:25:57,241
Tutaweza kurudi na dhana chache mpya
na kidogo ya mikono juu ya fursa

1803
01:25:57,241 --> 01:25:59,110
kabla ya jioni ni juu.

1804
01:25:59,110 --> 01:26:00,332