1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:03,130 Perhaps we could get, say, two volunteers to come on? 2 00:00:03,130 --> 00:00:03,630 OK. 3 00:00:03,630 --> 00:00:06,330 Saw one hand here and one hand over here. 4 00:00:06,330 --> 00:00:10,450 Come on down, if you want to meet me on the other end of the stage. 5 00:00:10,450 --> 00:00:11,260 Come on over here. 6 00:00:14,310 --> 00:00:14,980 Come on down. 7 00:00:14,980 --> 00:00:15,480 What's your name? 8 00:00:15,480 --> 00:00:16,130 PRIYANKA: Priyanka. 9 00:00:16,130 --> 00:00:17,410 DAVID MALAN: Priyanka, nice to meet you. 10 00:00:17,410 --> 00:00:17,910 David. 11 00:00:17,910 --> 00:00:20,270 Come on over and if you want to wait right here. 12 00:00:20,270 --> 00:00:21,150 And what's your name? 13 00:00:21,150 --> 00:00:21,870 CALVIN: Calvin. 14 00:00:21,870 --> 00:00:22,210 DAVID MALAN: Calvin? 15 00:00:22,210 --> 00:00:22,770 CALVIN: Yeah. 16 00:00:22,770 --> 00:00:23,170 DAVID MALAN: David. 17 00:00:23,170 --> 00:00:23,870 Nice to meet you. 18 00:00:23,870 --> 00:00:25,640 Come on over here where Priyanka is. 19 00:00:25,640 --> 00:00:28,230 So Priyanka, you raised your hand first, so you get to choose. 20 00:00:28,230 --> 00:00:31,010 Do you want to go first or second in this little challenge ahead? 21 00:00:31,010 --> 00:00:32,090 PRIYANKA: Uh, I'll go first. 22 00:00:32,090 --> 00:00:32,360 DAVID MALAN: OK. 23 00:00:32,360 --> 00:00:33,730 So Priyanka is going to go first. 24 00:00:33,730 --> 00:00:35,510 If you want to stand over there, Calvin. 25 00:00:35,510 --> 00:00:37,430 So the challenge at head here is could you 26 00:00:37,430 --> 00:00:42,020 go ahead and represent for us in binary, using each of these light bulbs 27 00:00:42,020 --> 00:00:45,860 and, in turn, switches, as zeros and ones, say, the number 50? 28 00:00:48,570 --> 00:00:51,880 So you might turn one light bulb on representing the 32s place. 29 00:00:56,110 --> 00:00:58,720 Might turn a light bulb on representing the eighth place. 30 00:00:58,720 --> 00:01:05,640 Our total count now is 32 plus not 8 plus 16, 31 00:01:05,640 --> 00:01:11,290 I think, which is going to give us 32 plus 16, which is 48. 32 00:01:11,290 --> 00:01:16,290 And so we get now a round of applause, if we could, for Priyanka. 33 00:01:16,290 --> 00:01:18,300 Thanks very much. 34 00:01:18,300 --> 00:01:19,320 Give us just a moment. 35 00:01:19,320 --> 00:01:22,260 So each of these light bulbs, then, represents just a switch or a bit. 36 00:01:22,260 --> 00:01:25,820 And inside of your computer, if you've ever heard the phrase transistor, 37 00:01:25,820 --> 00:01:28,380 a transistor is just a tiny little switch in our computers. 38 00:01:28,380 --> 00:01:30,900 So they have millions or billions of these switches 39 00:01:30,900 --> 00:01:34,830 that they use physically to represent information and store values, 40 00:01:34,830 --> 00:01:36,460 just like Priyanka did here. 41 00:01:36,460 --> 00:01:38,790 So if a computer were to represent the number 50, 42 00:01:38,790 --> 00:01:41,460 it would literally turn on three switches of sorts, 43 00:01:41,460 --> 00:01:43,500 store a little bit of electricity here, here, 44 00:01:43,500 --> 00:01:47,550 and here to represent the number 50, and it would leave off 45 00:01:47,550 --> 00:01:48,930 all of the other switches. 46 00:01:48,930 --> 00:01:52,590 The other five, in this case, if we're using eight bits or one byte. 47 00:01:52,590 --> 00:01:57,480 Calvin you raised your hand second, and so we have one other challenge ahead. 48 00:01:57,480 --> 00:02:03,520 Fortunately, these things are magnetic, so let's take things up a notch. 49 00:02:03,520 --> 00:02:05,460 And if you would, Calvin-- 50 00:02:05,460 --> 00:02:07,650 [LAUGHTER] 51 00:02:07,650 --> 00:02:10,710 --how about the number 13, if you will. 52 00:02:10,710 --> 00:02:12,990 How would a computer represent the number 13 53 00:02:12,990 --> 00:02:19,960 where each of these light bulbs from 1 to 128 represents a bit? 54 00:02:22,580 --> 00:02:29,740 We had, of course, the ones place over here, the twos place, four, eight, 55 00:02:29,740 --> 00:02:32,880 16, and so forth. 56 00:02:32,880 --> 00:02:38,540 So we can ask the audience, should we turn on, for instance, this bulb here? 57 00:02:38,540 --> 00:02:39,090 AUDIENCE: No. 58 00:02:39,090 --> 00:02:39,750 DAVID MALAN: No. 59 00:02:39,750 --> 00:02:40,260 Way too big. 60 00:02:40,260 --> 00:02:40,860 How about this one? 61 00:02:40,860 --> 00:02:41,850 CALVIN: No, too big. 62 00:02:41,850 --> 00:02:41,870 DAVID MALAN: OK. 63 00:02:41,870 --> 00:02:42,740 And you're in charge. 64 00:02:42,740 --> 00:02:44,390 Ask the audience. 65 00:02:44,390 --> 00:02:45,600 CALVIN: This one? 66 00:02:45,600 --> 00:02:46,230 AUDIENCE: Yeah. 67 00:02:46,230 --> 00:02:46,770 CALVIN: Yeah. 68 00:02:46,770 --> 00:02:47,640 DAVID MALAN: OK. 69 00:02:47,640 --> 00:02:50,540 So we have 1, 2, 4, 8. 70 00:02:50,540 --> 00:02:51,040 CALVIN: 4. 71 00:02:51,040 --> 00:02:53,250 DAVID MALAN: 4 gives us 8 plus 4 is 12. 72 00:02:53,250 --> 00:02:57,880 And another round of applause, if we could. 73 00:02:57,880 --> 00:02:58,380 Thank you. 74 00:02:58,380 --> 00:02:59,380 You got the tougher job. 75 00:02:59,380 --> 00:03:00,420 Thanks to you both.