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[MUSIC PLAYING]

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SPEAKER: Well, Hello one and all,
and welcome to our short on Pillow,

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which is a library for
manipulating images within Python.

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So I have here a file, an image called
in.jpeg And this is the Great Wave Off

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Kanagawa by the artist Hokusai.

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Now if you're familiar with this image,
it should not be upside down like this.

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And I really want to flip it over so I
can see exactly what this image holds.

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Well, thankfully I can use something
like Python with the Pillow library

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to do just that, to
manipulate this image

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and rotate it so it's going
to be right side up instead.

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So let's go ahead and write
a program to do just that.

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I will type down my
terminal code image.py.

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And here, I want to give myself, likely,
a main function to write my program in,

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and I'll call main down below.

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Now if I want to use the Pillow library
for manipulating images in Python,

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I can access it by doing import PIL.

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Now really, I want access to some
particular class inside of this Pillow

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library, one called image.

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More on classes in a future week
on object-oriented programming.

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But for now, think of a class
as a bit like a template,

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some way of representing information.

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In this case, an image.

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So I could access some class
that Pillow provides me

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by typing from PIL
import Image, capital I.

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So the Pillow library gives me access
to something called an Image that I

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can use to represent and manipulate
images that I might have on my own file

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system, on my computer.

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So using this Image
class, I can actually

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go ahead and try to
open up an image, and I

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can do so using a method of the
Image class, one called open.

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I can access it using
Image.Open, and I'll

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give as input to open, in this
case, the name of the file

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I'm hoping to open now in Python.

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Very similar in spirit to me clicking on
this file on the left-hand side in .jpeg

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and seeing what's inside of it, open
goes ahead and opens that image for use

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within my Python program here.

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Now open, this method here,
returns to me an image object.

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So I'll go ahead and use this
img variable to refer to my image

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that I have now opened
using the Pillow library.

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And similar to other
files we open in Python,

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it's good practice to close
them when we're done with them.

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So as a test here, I've
opened up my image.

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But I should now close it.

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So I'll type img.close.

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This method goes ahead and closes
my image after I have opened it.

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Now while we're here, we might have seen
before that it's maybe not best practice

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to get in the habit
of defining explicitly

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when we're going to open
and close our images,

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in part because we'll often
forget to close things later on.

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So why don't I do this instead?

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I'll go ahead and use with,
with image.open as img.

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And as long as I'm indented
within this with block,

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I'm now able in this case to
see my image being opened.

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And I can run all kinds of
functions on it as well.

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So as long as we're
indented, we have access

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to this variable called
img, which is, in this case,

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the image I've opened called in.jpeg.

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So what could we do with it?

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Well, one thing we could do
is get a sense for the size

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and the format of this image, thanks to
various attributes of this image object.

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So I could, for instance,
try printing img.size.

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And this actually gives me access
to the size of the image in pixels.

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I could also print--

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I could also print
img.format, and this, for me,

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will show me the format of the
image, like what file type it

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is, if I'm not sure initially.

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So I'll go ahead and
run Python of image.py,

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and hopefully, fingers crossed, we'll
see some information down below.

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So it seems like this image in
.jpeg, its size is 1,052 by 720.

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So maybe 1,052 pixels across
and 720 pixels up, or vertical.

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And this image's format seems
to be a jpeg, which makes sense,

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because it has the .jpeg
file extension here.

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So we can access to various
properties of this image.

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We can also manipulate
it using Pillow as well.

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One thing we could do is
very simply rotate it.

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So here, if we look back at our image
in .jpeg, we'll see it is upside down.

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So we maybe want to rotate it another
180 degrees to put it right side up.

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Well in image.py, I can do just that.

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I could say something like img.rotate.

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And I'll add in the degrees
I want to rotate this image.

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In this case, 180 to put
it back right side up.

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I'll then store this updated
image in the img variable.

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And now, if I want to, let's
say, save this updated image,

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I can do so by calling img.save
and giving some particular file

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name, like out.jpeg, just like this.

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So to be clear, I'm opening in.jpeg,
rotating it, thanks to Pillow

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with this rotate method, and then
saving it, again thanks to Pillow,

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with this save method.

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I'll go ahead and run Python of image.py
and we'll see nothing in the terminal.

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But you might have seen over
here I now have a file, out.jpeg.

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I'll open it up and we'll see this
is that image, but now right side up.

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Well, what else could we do?

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One thing we could do is
apply filters to images.

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Have a bit of fun here.

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We could rotate it certainly to
fix the image, but along the way,

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maybe apply a fun filter to
learn more about the image.

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Well, one filter we can
apply is a blur filter

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to make it look a
little bit more blurry.

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And to access image filters in
the Pillow library, I can do this.

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From PIL, import imageFilter.

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So imageFilter here is
a class that I can then

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use to apply various image filters.

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And I can actually apply them to
my image by using a method, filter.

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So I can type img.filter, and then give
as input the filter I want to apply.

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And by convention here, if I
want to get the blur filter,

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I can type imageFilter.BLUR in all caps.

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I'll now save this image.

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Well, I will update, let's say,
my image in the img variable

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and save that updated image
using the Save method later on.

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I'll type Python of image.py and let's
see the updated version of out.jpeg.

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Seems a little bit more blurry
when compared to in.jpeg.

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So that filter has been applied here.

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What else could we do?

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Well, one other fun
filter is one called find

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edges that quickly finds the edges of
the image and highlights them for us.

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I can access that by using
imageFilter.FIND_EDGES.

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And now if I run Python of image.py,
what should I see but again,

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that image rotated 180
degrees and now a filter that

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finds the edges of the image for me.

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So much more you can do with Pillow.

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But we've seen here how to open images,
how to save them, how to rotate them,

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and how to apply filters.

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We're excited to see what
you'll create with Pillow.

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